SciEP Manuscript Central

The issue of the quality of training in higher education establishments has been and remains the cornerstone for the effective functioning of industries, businesses and banks, the development of science, culture, education and society in general. Graduate student should be competitive in the job market. This means that they should not only get a good education, but also be willing and able to further self-improvement. To solve this problem it is important to discuss the comprehensive and diverse scientific basis of ensuring the quality of higher education, to review the results of scientific studies and the experience of higher education in various countries. The unanswered questions are: the definition of the concept of "quality of higher education", criteria and indicators of quality education, diagnostic tools, methods of monitoring the quality of education, ways and means of improving the educational process in Universities , the correlation of the quality education with higher education management and so on. In a special issue of the journal, we plan to deal with both - theoretical studies and practical achievements of scientific and educational community.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• The concept, criteria and indicators of quality in higher education
• Monitoring the quality of higher education
• Improving the educational process: content, methods, forms, and training tools
• Management of/in higher education
• Comparative studies

Chief Guest Editor

Nina Tarasenkova
Bohdan Khmelnytskyy National University in Cherkasy, Ukraine
Email: ntaras7@ukr.net

co-editor

Prof. DSc. Zdravko Lalchev
Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia, Bulgaria
Email: zdravkol@abv.bg

Ievgenii Borkach
Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, Berehovo, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Ukraine
Email: barkatsj@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Zoltán Poór
University of West Hungary – Apáczai Csere János Faculty, Gy?r, Hungary
Email: poor.zoltan@atif.hu; poor.zoltan.ferenc@gmail.com

Oleg Melnikov
Belarusian State University, Mechanics and Mathematics Faculty, Professor
Email: melnikov@bsu.by

This issue contributes in the fied of almost all mathematics. An importance is placed on a vital and important developments in classical analysis, functional analysis, number theory, algebraic geometry, differential geometry, algebraic topology, mathematical analysis, mathematical physics, differential equations, quantum groups, and other parts of the natural sciences.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• number theory
• algebraic geometry
• differential geometry
• algebraic topology
• mathematical analysis
• mathematical physics
• string theory
• field theory
• stochastic differential equations
• quantum groups
• and other parts of the natural sciences.

Chief Guest Editor

Serkan Araci
University of Gaziantep
Email: mtsrkn@hotmail.com
mtsrkn@gmail.com
saraci88@yahoo.com.tr

Guest Editor

Mehmet Acikgoz
University of Gaziantep
Email: acikgoz@gantep.edu.tr

Guest Editor

Ilkay Arslan Güven
University of Gaziantep
Email: iarslan@gantep.edu.tr

Erdoğan Şen
Namik Kemal University
Email: erdogan.math@gmail.com

In a major attempt to emphasize the importance of research and evidence-based practical information in advancing all aspects of the Role of Exercise in Prevention of Obesity in Children, the American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine published a Special Issue on February, 2014. Childhood obesity is a condition in which excess body fat negatively related with the child's health or well being. Due to the increasing trend of obesity in children and its adverse health effects it is emerging as a serious public health problem. In order to prevent obesity in children it would be fruitful to perform a population wide evaluation of the dietary intake in relation to physical activity.In order to help children, parents, educators, students, coaches, researchers and practitioners seek assistance from the vast amount of technical information that is available in the form of books, journals or websites. This special issue of the American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine published articles original research and specific reviews that enriches the current understanding of Role of Exercise in Prevention of Obesity in Children.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Role of Endurance Exercise in Prevention of Obesity in Children.
• Nutrition and Physical Activity in Prevention of Obesity in Children.
• Anthropometric variables for the Assessment of Obesity in Children.
• Physical and Physiological fitness for the Prevention of Obesity in Children.
• Biochemical assessment of fitness and Obesity.
• Molecular Mechanism of Obesity.
• Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease.
• Obesity and Diabetes.
• Obesity and Reproductive Health.
• Obesity and Metabolic Changes.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Indranil Manna
Department of Physiology, Midnapore College
Email: Indranil_manna@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Dr Reza Nuri
Department of Exercise Physiology, Kish International Campus (International branch of University of Tehran), University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
Email: nuri_r7@yahoo.com

Dr. Johnny Padulo
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of “Tor Vergata” Rome, Italy
Email: sportcinetic@gmail.com

It has become increasingly clear that bacterial cells can communicate with each other to facilitate their adaptation to changing environmental conditions by using a cell-cell communication mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS). Bacterial pathogens use quorum sensing signaling systems to synchronize gene expression and coordinate diverse biological functions. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms of quorum sensing could have enormous implications in understanding pathogenesis, and in developing novel approaches to control infectious diseases. Recently, many QS signals have been identified. Among them, the acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) QS signaling system and the diffusible signal factor (DSF) signaling system are arguably the two best-characterized chemical languages used by Gram-negative bacterial species. Identification of novel QS signals and characterization of their signaling regulation mechanism will absolutely enhance our knowledge in the cell-cell communication field. Additionally, the study on the roles of QS signals in interspecies and inter-kingdom communication; and how to control biofilm-associated problems caused by the bacteria are also interesting and valuable. Furthermore, the research progress on the host-microbe interaction field is alsowelcomed.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Quorum sensing
• Biofilm formation
• Quorum quenching
• Bacterial pathogenesis
• Intercellular signaling
• Interspecies communication
• Host-microbe interaction

Chief Guest Editor

Yinyue Deng
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore
Email: ydeng@imcb.a-star.edu.sg
yinyue_deng@hotmail.com

Guest Editor

Yi-Hu Dong
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore
Email: dongyh@imcb.a-star.edu.sg

To explore various new methodologies for the analysis of nonlinear dynamics and their relevance in the understanding of real complex world. Because now a days the domain of complexity is very very wide it encompasses fluids, nonlinear optical systems, electronic circuits, plasma physics, nano oscillators, biophysics systems and what not. So it has become very much crucial to have an outlook of the present day scenario in this field. Also it may be pointed out that nonlinear dynamics governs both dynamical systems as well as wave like phenomena. Furthermore the role of topological and differential techniques which have been adopted not long ago are to be examined in the new light. So, in fact, we do have two different aspects of the study of simulation - one is the search for new methods to make them more error free and powerful and other is the application to different new phenomenon. One may add that even after so many years of study on complex systems, many key ideas as formulated by pioneers like Poincare, Lyapunov are still not being effectively used. So it seems there is some gap between the theory and its application. The present issue will encourage researcher to venture out with newer techniques for the analysis of new horizons of non-linear dynamics.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• 1)Numerical Methodologies

• 2)Experimental, computational and theoretical aspects of bifurcations, chaos and complexity.

• 3)Fractals cellular and nonlinear dynamical network of biological, economic, engineering, fluid dynamics, neural, physical, social and other complex systems.

• 4)High precision experimental observation of nonlinear phenomena in many different natural and man-made systems arising in a variety of conventional disciplines.

• 5)Novel and powerful analytical mathematical methods to treat functional recursion relations, to solve certain nonlinear partial differential equations or to describe complex geometrical structures arising in chaotic systems.

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Asesh RoyChowdhury
Dept. of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
Email: asesh_r@yahoo.com
asesh_r@phys.jdvu.ac.in

Guest Editor

Prof. Jürgen Kurths
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Head of Research Domain Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Head of Nonlinear Dynamics
Email: Juergen.Kurths@pik-potsdam.de

Prof. Nicoletta Sala
Università della Svizzera Italiana,Switzerland
Email: nicoletta.sala@usi.ch
nicolettasala@virgilio.it

This special issue will focus on extracting and visualizing knowledge from structured , unstructured data, big data, texts and documents. The special issue aims to address methods, techniques, approaches, tools and technologies in knowledge extraction and visualization, underlying the challenging issues governing their designs and the major directions for future developments in these fields. The aim of this special issue is to present original work on knowledge extraction and visualization. Researchers, scholars and practitioners in these fields are encouraged to submit their contribution. Submissions are solicited on, but not limited to, the following topics in knowledge extraction and visualization.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Natural language processing

• Natural language understanding

• Ambiguity in text understanding

• Text mining

• Data mining

• Opinion mining

• Information extraction

• Information retrievals

• Question and answering systems

• Sentiment analysis

• Knowledge visualization

• Knowledge discovering

• Text summarization

• Text classification

• Text categorization

• Semantic Web

• Semantic Extraction

• Semantic Visualization

• Ontology

• Knowledge representation

• Semantic annotation

• Semantic technology

• Information visualization

• Ontology methodology

• Logical reasoning methodology

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Shaidah Jusoh
Associate Professor, College of Computer Science & Information System, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Email: Sbjusoh@nu.edu.sa or shaidah.jusoh@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Hejab M. Alfawareh
Assistant Professor, College of Computer Science & Information System, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Email: hmalfawareh@nu.edu.sa or alfawareh@gmail.com

Dr. Rabiah A. Kadir
Senior lecturer, Dept of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Email: rabiah@upm.edu.my or rabiah.akadir@gmail.com

International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegradation (IJEBB) is an international scholarly peer-reviewed, electronic, open-access online research journal published by Science and Education Publishing., USA. IJEBB aims to provide a scholastic platform for researchers and academia to share innovations, theory and practices of various research fields of environmental sciences, engineering and technology. The importance will be on publishing quality papers rapidly and freely available to global community.
An extensive sketch of the scope of IJEBB comprises; peer reviewed original research articles, case studies, technical reports, reviews and short communications in interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental science, engineering and technology. Its coverage includes all main branches of environmental disciplines.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Environmental microbiology

• Applied Microbiology

• Pollutant transport in the environment

• Heavy metals and organic compounds degradation in the environment

• Soil biodegradation and bioremediation of contaminated sites

• Environmental remedial action planning

• Green technology for sustainable development

• Dye degradation

• Liquid waste treatment, Solid waste treatment

• Environmental Genomics & Proteomics

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Maulin P Shah
Enviro Technology Limited., Ankleshwar, India
Email: shahmp@uniphos.com

Guest Editor

Prof (Dr) B R M Vyas
Department of Bioscience, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
Email: brmvyas@gmail.com

With the development of modern society and expansion of world population, the environmental pollution and chemical toxicity becomes a hot topic in public health researches. “Heavy metal” is used for a group of elements that have particular weight characteristics. They are on the "heavier" end of the periodic table of elements. Some heavy metals – such as cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, strontium, and zinc – are essential to health in trace amounts. But heavy metals may also be toxic for both wildlife and humans under certain circumstances. Many adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, but exposure to heavy metals continues, especially in less developed countries.

As a reflection of a rapidly growing interest/appreciation of heavy metal research, the American Journal of Public Health Research would like to publish a special issue dedicated to provide up-to-date knowledge about heavy metals and public health.

In order to develop the remediation and management strategy and provide guidelines to avoid heavy metal exposures, and identify the data and knowledge gaps that need to be filled by future research and monitoring, this special issue of the American Journal of Public Health Research calls on authors to submit original research and specific reviews that improves the current understanding of heavy metals in public health.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Effects of heavy metals on plant seeds

• Strategies to overcome heavy metal stress by plants

• Heavy metals and food sources

• Heavy metals and chronicle diseases

• Heavy metals and neurotoxicity

• Heavy metals and metabolic changes

• Heavy metals and pregnancy

• Heavy metals and cancer risk

• Nutritional assessment and heavy metal

• Biochemical assessment of heavy metal content in the body

• Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal transport

Chief Guest Editor

Ningning Zhao
Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)
Email: zhaosciepub@gmail.com

The file should be an electronic copy of the original, not blinded, and a pdf version of the article, also not blinded. Authors have to additionally give the names and e-mail addresses of five potential reviewers, who need to be scientists considered to have expertise in the domain where the subject of the manuscript is situated.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• CLASSIC LOGIC

• MODAL LOGIC

• PARACONSISTENT LOGIC

• MANY VALUED LOGIC

• SYMBOLIC LOGIC

• FUZZY LOGIC

• LOGIC AND INFORMATIC

• LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• LOGICAND LAW

• LOGIC AND POLICY

• THE TEACHING OF LOGIC

Chief Guest Editor

Josué-Antonio Nescolarde-Selva
University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
Email: josue.selva@ua.es

Josep-Lluis Usó-Doménech
University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain

Main aim of this special issue is to bring up-to-date information on Fixed Point Theory and Applications to the young reader to enter into this field of research.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Fixed Point Theory.

• Extension of Banach Fixed Point Theory.

• Applications of Fixed Points in Variational inequalities.

• Applications of Fixed points in Operations Research.

• Computational fixed points and applications.

Chief Guest Editor

P. P. Murthy
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
Email: ppmurthy@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Professor of Mathematics, Cankaya University, Cankaya, Turkey
Email: kennantas@gmail.com

Professor of Mathematics, Gyenongsang National University, Chinju, South Korea
Email: yjchomath@gmail.com

The issue of quality of training in higher education establishments has been and remains the cornerstone for the effective functioning of industries, businesses and banks, the development of science, culture, education and society in general. Graduate student should be competitive in the job market. This means that they should not only get a good education, but also be willing and able to further self-improvement. To solve this problem it is important to discuss the comprehensive and diverse scientific basis of ensuring the quality of higher education, to review the results of scientific studies and the experience of higher education in various countries. The unanswered questions are: the definition of the concept of "quality of higher education", criteria and indicators of quality education, diagnostic tools, methods of monitoring the quality of education, ways and means of improving the educational process in Universities , the correlation of the quality education with higher education management and so on. In a special issue of the journal, we plan to deal with both - theoretical studies and practical achievements of scientific and educational community.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• The concept, criteria and indicators of quality in higher education

• Monitoring the quality of higher education

• Improving the educational process: content, methods, forms, and training tools

• Management of higher education

• Comparative studies

Chief Guest Editor

Nina Tarasenkova
Bohdan Khmelnytskyy National University in Cherkasy, Ukraine
Email: ntaras7@ukr.net

CO-Editor

Prof. DSc. Zdravko Laltchev
Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia, Bulgaria
Email: zdravkol@abv.bg

Prof. Ievgenii Borkach
Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, Berehovo
Email: barkatsj@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Prof. Oleg Melnikov
Belarusian State University, Mechanics and Mathematics Faculty
Email: melnikov@bsu.by

The paradigm of autonomous vehicles’ cooperative control is the challenge frontier for new control system application domains, and as a research area it has experienced a considerable increase in activity in recent years. The military application of autonomous vehicles systems or multiple unmanned vehicles is primarily targeted; however much of the material is relevant to a broader range of multi-agent systems including cooperative robotics, distributed computing, sensor networks and data network congestion control. The Special Issue is aimed at the Cooperative control of multiple vehicles and its application on all kinds of fields.

Cooperative control of multiple vehicles, autonomous vehicles, like ground vehicles, spacecrafts, underwater unmanned vehicles, wireless sensor network, et al.
Finite-time formation control algorithms, distributed coordinated control, consensus algorithms, and so on.

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Tang Gong-You
Ocean University of China
Email: gtang@ouc.edu.cn

Guest Editor

Prof. Yuan Jian
Shandong Academy of Sciences
Email: Jyuanjian801209@163.com

Prof. Zhou Zhong-Hai
Shandong Academy of Sciences
Email: zzh@sdioi.com

The special issue, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment will present technical developments and latest studies on environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment, the use of monitoring data in assessing the environmental exposure and health risks and also estimate exposure, identify the sources and prevent the release of contaminants, both at the individual and population levels. The scope of the issue extends to the use of sampling, monitoring instrumentation, advanced technical methods, analysis and statistical methodologies, including environmental modelling in pollution appraisal with particular emphasis on the evaluation of monitoring data with toxicological, epidemiological and health data.
High quality research papers or reviews dealing with any aspect of environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment are encouraged.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Analysis of contaminants

• Contaminant pathways, transport and deposition

• Atmospheric science, Air quality and Noise assessment

• Soil, sediment and aquatic science

• Ecotoxicological significance of contaminants in environment

• Environmental epidemiological and Human health

• Environmental & occupational health

• Environmental data interpretation, Biostatistics, Modelling and software.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Dibyendu Banerjee
Department of Environmental Science, B.B.College, Asansol, (University of Burdwan), West Bengal, India
Email: profdibyendu@rediffmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Naba Kumar Mondal
Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Email: nkmenvbu@gmail.com

Dr. Sukalyan Chakraborty
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, India
Email: sukalyanchakraborty@bitmesra.ac.in

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Protection Information in transport systems

• Protection information in the Government

• Security information in Education systems

• Parallel computing: methods and tasks

Chief Guest Editor

Zhangissina Gulnur Davletzhanovna
Department of Computer Science, Kazakh National Technical University
Email: Gul_zhd@mail.ru

In the recent times, tremendous advances have been made in the theory, applications and practice in modeling, simulation and optimization. Modeling, simulation and optimization are successfully applied in medicine, finance, engineering, mathematical physics, telecommunication etc.
This special issue intends to publish some ground breaking research results from scientists and engineers across the global. Original papers and critical reviews articles on developments, theory, applications and practice in the thematic topic will be considered too. Contributions are welcome from eminent scholars, students and field workers in the proposed areas, but not limited to the areas only.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Population based models

• Multiscale hierarchical modeling

• Complex systems modeling and simulation

• Medical and biomedical systems and surgical modeling

• Bimolecular simulation and metamodeling techniques

• Climatic, reservoirs design and vehicle routine problems

• Engineering systems and telecommunication network

• Nanofluid and nanotechnology

• Quantitative models, financial models and simulation Modeling, simulation, theory and practice in:

• Multi–objective optimization

• Portfolio optimization

• Combinatorial optimization and neural computing

• Genetic algorithm

• Linear and nonlinear programming and applications in the industry and other human endeavors.

• Education and Practice on Modeling, simulation and optimization would be considered too.

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Anthony Uyi Afuwape
Email: afuwape@matematicas.udea.edu.co

Guest Editor

Prof. Benjamin Oyediran Oyelami
Email: Boyelami2000@yahoo.com

Prof. Mohamed Olarewaju Ibraheem
Email: ibraheem@unilorin.edu.ng

After several decades of "stagnation" in the comprehension and management of the various subtypes of plasma cell disorders which are all sharing clonal proliferation of plasma cells with or without excretion of monoclonal proteins came since the late nineties of the past century a new era or "renaissance" in the field of this neoplasm which brought with it a tremendous progression in all areas from basic research and discovery of molecular events underlying the transformation through sophisticated diagnostic and prognostic tools up to an exciting development of first and second generation novel agents which already show benefit in terms of response, disease free survival and even overall survival. This special issue will concentrate on newer insights pertaining to the pathogenesis of plasma cell disorders, improved diagnostic tools, evaluation of current and future options of treatments as well as discussion on the place of stem cell transplantation in the overall management of patients. In addition, there will be emphasis on the mechanism of action of the novel agents in use and ways to improve them.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

Chief Guest Editor

Yossi Cohen
Asaf Harofhe University Hospital
Email: yosefc@asaf.health.gov.il

Guest Editor

Odit Gutwein, MD.
Specializations in Internal Medicine and Hematololy, Principal Investigator in Several Phase II and Phase III Clinical Trials

The Journal will publish original research papers, review articles, technical notes, case reports, book reviews, and letters to the editor in subjects relating to clinical practice and research into the main fields of interest of the publication.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Oral Pathology

• Oral surgery

• Oral radiology

• Oral cancer

Chief Guest Editor

Bouguezzi Adel
Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Dental Clinic of Monastir, Tunisia
Email: Dr-adel@live.fr

The specialty of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery/radiology and medicine is relatively new among the fraternity of other medical/dental specializations. The special issue will intend to focus on current diagnostic methodologies and management of unusual/ interesting oral & maxillofacial lesion/disorders/diseases.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Oral researchExodontia

• Dentoalveolar Surgery

• Maxillofacial Trauma

• Dental Implants

• Odontogenic infections

• Jaw cysts & tumors

• Maxillofacial Pathologies

Chief Guest Editor

Dr Kumar Nilesh
Associate Professor (oral & maxillofacial surgery)
Email: drkumarnilesh@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Dr Anuj Dadhich
Associate Professor (oral & maxillofacial surgery)
Email: anuj_dadhich@rediffmail.com

Dr Ajay Nayak
Associate Professor (oral medicine & radiology)
Email: drajaynayak@yahoo.com

The Special Issue will present manuscripts authored by L. A. Glinka. At least 4 papers which have never been published by a journal, each having at least 4 pages, will be solicited. Their initial versions have already been reviewed and accepted for a public presentation by a reliable source of scientific information. These contributions are dedicated to L.A. Glinka's research in quantum gravity and particle physics, which aimed at looking for the new cosmology. Temporary list of contributions, of which the best ones will be selected, corrected and updated for the purposes of the Special Issue:

1) L. A. Glinka, Thermodynamics of space quanta models quantum gravity, arXiv:0906.3827[gr-qc]
2) L. A. Glinka, Novel solution of the Wheeler–DeWitt theory, arXiv:0906.3825[gr-qc]
3) L. A. Glinka, 1D Global Bosonization of Quantum Gravity, arXiv:0804.3516[gr-qc]
4) L. A. Glinka, Preliminaries in Many-Particle Quantum Gravity. I. Einstein–Friedmann Spacetime, arXiv:0711.1380[gr-qc]
5) L. A. Glinka, Higher Dimensional Quantum Gravity Model, viXra:1110.0011
6) L. A. Glinka, Two Charged Scalar Field-Based Mass Generation Mechanisms, viXra:1110.0012
7) L. A. Glinka, Complement to Special Relativity at Superluminal Speeds: CERN Neutrinos Explained, viXra:1110.0010
8) L. A. Glinka, Gravitational Waves Versus Cosmological Perturbations: Commentary to Mukhanov’s Talk, viXra:1110.0013

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Quantum Gravity

• High Energy Physics

• Standard Model

• Cosmology

Chief Guest Editor

Lukasz A. Glinka
Email: laglinka@gmail.com

This proposal aims to discuss various types of bacterial infections. This special issue will concentrate on newer insights pertaining to the pathogenesis of various bacterial infections, improved diagnostic tools, evaluation of current and future options of treatments as well as discussion of the overall management of patients. In addition, there will be emphasis on the mechanism of action of the novel agents in use and ways to improve them.
The aim of the Special Issue is to provide a platform for the researchers to understand the recent advancements and challenges in bacterial infections. These articles will provide an opportunity to the readers to understand and access the scientific information.
Scientific subjects will include articles concerning the epigenetic mechanisms of disease/therapy as well as the role of the immune system in hemato-oncology. Very interesting and uncommon subjects will include discussions of disease evaluations. Experts will describe the role of anti bacterial agents in the management of infections and currently emerging and promising investigational therapies, as well as infection prophylaxis.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Clinical bacteriology

Chief Guest Editor

Iman M. Fawzy, MD, PhD
Email: Clinical.pathology@yahoo.com

This proposal aims to discuss various types of hematologic malignancies, eg. Leukemia, lymphoma, myloma, etc. This special issue will concentrate on newer insights pertaining to the pathogenesis of various hematologic cancers, improved diagnostic tools, evaluation of current and future options of treatments as well as discussion on the place of stem cell transplantation in the overall management of patients. In addition, there will be emphasis on the mechanism of action of the novel agents in use and ways to improve them.
The aim of the Special Issue is to provide a platform for the researchers to understand the recent advancements and challenges in hematology oncology. These articles will provide an opportunity to the readers to understand and access the scientific information.
Scientific subjects will include articles concerning the epigenetic mechanisms of disease/therapy as well as the role of the immune system in hemato-oncology. Very interesting and uncommon subjects will include discussions of extramedullary disease and evaluations of the central nervous system by various imaging techniques. Experts will describe the role of hypomethylating agents in the management of hematologic malignancies and currently emerging and promising investigational therapies. Clinical success relies greatly on supportive therapy, and we will discuss supportive therapy, including infection prophylaxis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the most effective measure for curing aggressive hematologic malignancies, and a variety of topics will be considered: donor selection, age of recipient, which has been increasing seemingly without limit; therefore, recipient/donor assessments are more important than ever in the aging population. Alternative donor use (e.g., cord blood and haploidentical individuals) has been increasing dramatically; when and who should be considered, what is being investigated? With signi?cant changes occurring with respect to both donors and recipients, the pros and cons of using of anti-thymocyte globulin use in conditioning regimens will be also described.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Leukemia

• Lymphoma

• Myeloma

Chief Guest Editor

Iman M. Fawzy, MD, PhD
Email: Clinical.pathology@yahoo.com

The objective of this case is to present the audience different theoretical and empirical work on the development and acquisition of social skills and social values through the practice of physical and sports activities character. The research work will host institutional education and after-school contexts: schools in kindergarten, primary and secondary schools and sports clubs.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• The values in the practice of physical and sporting activities.

• The adqusición social skills through sports.

• The formation of character through sports.

• Health and physical activity.

• Sport and physical activity and body image.

• Physical activity habits of young people.

Chief Guest Editor

Pedro Gil Madrona
Faculty of Education Albacete, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain
Email: Pedro.Gil@uclm.es

This special issue will provide a systematic overview and state-of-the-art research in the field of Human Capital, and will outline new developments in fundamental, approaches, and methodologies of research in field or in this area. Human Capital is an Intellectual Capital Component together with Social Capital and Customer Capital, just to mention the least. The Resources-Based-View of the firm places critical attention to Human Capital as leverage for Organisational Performance. It takes Human Capital to configure other organisational resources such as finances, and material resources. In other words a firm can possess and have these resources in their abundance; as long as they are not deployed strategically for organisational performance achievement they become useless. It takes Human capital to move these resources and configure them in such a manner that optimal benefits are derived for shareholder value. Most of literature in Strategic management tends to relegate firms resources including Human capital to the peripherals of management practices. Human resources for example has long been considered and viewed as any other organisation costs that could be avoided if possible. However Human Capital based view suggests that organisations actually hire and remunerate the intellectual capital of labour, rather than physical beings. It is on this score that this proposal for a special issue in Human Capital and its influence on Organisational performance is being made.

This special issue is dedicated to a set of best papers in the field of Human Capital. Full papers will be subject to a strict review procedure for final selection to this special issue based on the following criteria:

1. Quality and originality in theory and methodology in research on Human Capital and its influence on Organisational performance;

2. Relevance to Human Capital research area, such as
   a. Knowledge Management;
   b. Intellectual Capital models and methods in Human Capital development;
   c. Innovation;
   d. Organisational Performance.

3. Application orientated research which exhibits originality in Human Capital theory, such as
   a. The role and the importance of the Human Capital for the Organisation’s performance particularly in business, education, health, safety, engineering, and finance.

4. Extended papers must contain at least 40% new material (qualitative) relative to the conference paper.

Guest Editor

Bongani Ngwenya
Dean, Faculty of Business at Solusi University
Email: ngwenyab@solusi.ac.zw / nbongani@gmail.com

This special issue aims to build up bridges for analysis and evaluation of naturally inspired computational intelligence models across observed educational/learning phenomena which performed via main brain functions (Learning & Memory). In other words, this issue proposes on one hand, the theoretical analogous connectivity between cognitive neuroscience science, and swarm intelligence paradigm such as (Ant Colony System).On the other hand it aims theoretically to justify qualified educational decision as well as optimality of learning performance evaluation. The scope of this issue, addresses more specifically the comparative study of computational intelligence concepts observed by learning, autonomous inferences, and perceptions mimicking the brain’s mechanisms while considering behavioral response and / or learning of non-human, and human. In particular, qualified scientists are herein encouraged to submit their distinct interdisciplinary research articles in their diverse expertise areas. Anticipated innovative manuscripts based upon theoretical research topics would be capable of optimal evaluation of learning performance tasks, in addition to complex qualified educational decisions. Objectively, submitted scientists’ papers have to cover adopted interdisciplinary computational intelligence research frame belonging to recently proposed research direction. Accordingly, those research topics are performed via realistically dynamical modeling of proposed educational / learning phenomena. They associated with main brain functions (Learning & memory) using artificial neural networks and ant colony systems. Briefly some of topics of presented issue are given in below.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

Chief Guest Editor

Hassan MH Mustafa
Staff member with Computer Eng. Dpt.-Al-Baha University
Email: hasssan.mustafa@yahoo.com

Spectrum journal of dental sciences is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in several areas of dentistry. As per the title of the journal it represents important seven branches of dentistry such as Oral medicine, Orthodontics, Periodontics, Pedodontics, Prosthodontics, Conservative dentistry Endodontics and Oral maxillofacial surgery. As an important academic exchange platform, scientists and researchers can update their clinical and academic knowledge and this article will serve as important reference for evidenced based education.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Periodontics

• Dental Microbiology

• Orthodontics

• Dental implants

Chief Guest Editor

Dr.Prabhu MN
PIDC, Malaysia.
Email: prabhumds@rediffmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr.Sivaram Subbiah
PIDC, Malaysia
Email: drshiv1984@gmail.com

Priyavadhana Prabhu
Research Scholar in Medical Microbiology Bharath University, India
Email: priyaprabhu02@gmail.com

The field of Active and Smart Materials has received great attention in the last 15 years, due to an increasing awareness of materials capabilities, the development of new materials and transducer design and increasingly stringent design and control specifications in aerospace, aeronautics, industrial, automotive, biomedical and nano systems. Equally important for the advancement of the field is the development of models, numerical approximation techniques and control design which accommodate the hysteresis and constitutive non linearities inherent to the material. The objective of this special issue is to bring together researchers working in this new and exciting area of Active/Smart materials.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Active Materials

• Shape Memory Alloys

• Sensors and Actuators

• Smart Composites

• Piezoelectric and Ferro electric Materials

• Amorphous Semiconducting Materials

• Electro and Magneto Rheological fluids

• Energy Harvesting Materials

• Nano Materials

• Magnetic Quantum Dots

• Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation

• Novel Material

Chief Guest Editor

Dr Manas Ranjan Senapati
Department of Chemistry, Trident Academy of Technology, Bhubaneswar
Email: dr_senapati@yahoo.com

The primary mission includes teaching, service and research. It should offer oral and dental health care and treatment services for neonates, children and teenagers as well as children requiring special interest.
The manuscripts should have valuable clinical educational experience with child patients who have disabilities.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Behavior management of a child in pediatric dental set up

• Non invasive dental treatment modalities in children

• Preventive oral health issues

Chief Guest Editor

Ghousia S.
Associate professor, Sharavathi dental college and hospital, Shimoga , Karnataka, India.
Email: drghousia786@gmail.com

In an article written by Jon Meacham to Time magazine in October, 2013, 36% of college students in a 2011 study did not show any significant cognitive gains over four years and ? proportion of employers surveyed said they had trouble finding qualified college graduates to hire.
If we are serious about preparing the undergrad students of Business to succeed in the job market, we should not require that they memorize facts and repeat them on demand. We should rather provide them with opportunities to interact with content, think critically about it and use it to create new information. Are the universities being able to develop the competences and equip the students with skills sets throughout the undergrad course that help them succeeding outside of school?
To solve this issue it is important to discuss the contemporary practices and methodologies applied in the Business education of improving the quality of higher education. In a Special Issue of this Journal, we plan to deal with both theoretical studies and empirical works or experiments applied in the classrooms.

The topics of this special issue include the following practices and methodologies but are not limited to:

• Design thinking,

• Conceptual maps,

• Project based learning,

• Innovation,

• Project management,

• Competency-based education.

Chief Guest Editor

Hong Yuh Ching
Centro Universitário da FEI, SBC, Brazil
Email: hongching@fei.edu.br

Co- Editor

Dan Danuletiu
"1 Decembrie 1918" University of Alba Iulia, Romania
Email: dan.danuletiu@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Guillermo Asper
Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil
Email: Guillermo.Asper@gmail.com

The aim of this special issue is to encourage the blooming researchers.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Applied Mathematics

• Mathematical Physics

• Operator Theory

• Partial Differential Equations

• Applications

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. V. R. Lakshmi Gorty
Associate Professor, SVKM’s NMIMS University
Email: vr.lakshmigorty@nmims.edu

Guest Editor

Prof. Rosa Pardo
Complutense University of Madrid
Email: rpardo@mat.ucm.es

Prof. Benharrat Belaïdi
Department of Mathematics, Laboratory of Pure and Applied Mathematics, University of Mostaganem
Email: belaidi@univ-mosta.dz

General anesthesia and regional anesthesia techniques are used in surgical procedures. Both intra-operative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia are important topics for patient and surgery. Some regional anesthesia techniques provide important advantages compared with general anesthesia for postoperative pain control in some surgical procedures. For example, epidural anesthesia, a regional anesthesia technique, is not only performed for adequate anesthesia in the surgical procedures but also for pain control. There are other advantages for the use of regional anesthesia techniques including excellent pain control, reduced side effects, improved cardiac and pulmonary function, and shortened stay in the post-anesthesia care unit. The use of regional anesthesia is also associated with decreased neuro-endocrine stress responses in the peri-operative period.
Regional anesthesia is one of the important methods for multimodal postoperative pain control. Regional anesthesia would provide excellent pain control and improve outcome such as decrease in side effects, improvement of pulmonary function, prevention of chronic pain, or reduction in hospital stay. Thus the regional anesthetic techniques and outcome using regional anesthesia for postoperative pain have becoming one of the important fields.
We invite authors to submit original research and review articles that seek to define the interaction between anesthesia and postoperative pain control. We are interested in articles that explore aspects of the effect of anesthesia techniques for pain control in humans and also in animal models.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Regional anesthesia techniques

• Spinal, epidural and peripheral nevre blocks

• Local anesthetics and adjuvants for pain control

• Catheter–based nerve blocks for pain control

• Ultrasound-guided nevre blocks

• Patient-controlled analgesia

• Regional anesthesia and neuroendocrine stress responses

• Comparison of general and regional anesthesia for pain control

Chief Guest Editor

Ahmet Eroglu
Karadeniz Technical University
Email: erogluah@hotmail.com

Guest Editor

Can Ince
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Email: c.ince@erasmusmc.nl

Engin Erturk
Karadeniz Technical University
Email: Engine_md@yahoo.com

Discourses on educational leadership in the Middle East and North Africa are virtually missing from professional and peer-reviewed literature. This Special Issue seeks to address this gap. Globalization and the emergence of electronic journals have accelerated the rapid sharing and exchange of research, case studies, and policy positions on educational leadership. A casual search of the major journals on educational leadership reveals discourses dominated by core geographical areas of innovation, from Australia and New Zealand to Singapore and Shanghai, from the Netherlands and England to Canada and the United States. While the absence of the Middle East and North Africa in the literature would seem to put this diverse region on the discursive periphery of educational leadership, the truth is far from it. On the contrary, policymakers and senior management from ministries of education from the region have for decades traveled internationally to engage policymakers and experts from the “core” to learn about, borrow, and adapt innovative models and approaches in educational leadership.
This special Issue aims, therefore, to explore current issues and trends in educational leadership in the Middle East and North Africa. What modalities of leadership are currently having the biggest impact on school effectiveness and student learning outcomes? What strategies and approaches are principals using to strike a balance in their dual roles as administrator and instructional leader? How successfully are principals transitioning from a hierarchal model of centralized authority and power to a non-hierarchal model of shared leadership and empowerment? What methods and techniques are having the most success in supporting, assessing, evaluating, and developing teacher quality? What alternative models of educational leadership are schools practicing with the aim of improving teaching and learning for a global knowledge economy driven by communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity?

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• 1. Leadership practices and student outcomes

• 2. Globalization, school management, and instructional leadership

• 3. Shared leadership and empowerment

• 4. Effective methods for supporting, assessing, evaluating and developing teacher quality

• 5. Results-based management (RBM) and educational quality

• 6. Inquiry-based professional development

• 7. Peer- and mentor-based communities of practice

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Nuha Iter
Palestine Technical University - Khadorie
Email: nuhaiter@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Louis Cristillo
AMIDEAST :Leadership and Teacher Development Program; and, Teachers College, Columbia University
Email: lfc12@columbia.edu

Dr. Alia Assali
Al-Najah National university
Email: alia_71@najah.edu, aliaassali@yahoo.com

New methodologies for determination of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples.
Use of chromatographic methods

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Chromatographic Methods

• Measure of the uncertainty in the chromatographic methods

• Monitoring of Pharmaceutical residues

• Environmental risk assessment of the pharmaceutical compounds

• Review of the pharmaceutical residues in food samples

• New methods of extraction for determination of phamaceutical compounds

Chief Guest Editor

Franz Zirena Vilca
Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture
Email: franzvilca@usp.br

Guest Editor

NáDIA HORTENSE TORRES
Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture
Email: nadiahortense@gmail.com

Growth and physical maturation are dynamic processes encompassing a broad spectrum of cellular and somatic changes. The most obvious signs of physical growth are changes in overall body size. The children of the same age may differ in rate of physical growth. Ethnic variations in growth rate are also common. Thus growth norms (age-related averages for height and weight) must be applied cautiously. Physical growth, like other aspects of development, results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, the endocrine glands also control the vast physical changes of childhood and adolescence. Although heredity remains important, environmental factors continue to affect genetic expression. Good nutrition, relative freedom from disease, and emotional well-being are essential to children’s healthy development. Changes in size, proportions, and muscle strength support an explosion of new gross-motor skills. Physical activity is needed for normal growth and development, and for young people to reach their potential in muscle and bone development. Further, the psychological, social, and physical development process project powerful influences on sport participation. Sports scientists, physicians and physical educators must be familiar with the normal patterns of growth and development of the child and adolescent. This allow finding out deviations during the pre-participation examination, guiding children into appropriate activities, aiding them in setting realistic goals concerning sports participation. It also provides guidance to the community and coaches in the design of safe and effective training and sports programme.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• 1. Impact of Growth and Development on Sports & Physical Activity.

• 2. Assessment of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

• 3. Role of Anthropometry in assessment of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

• 4. Genetic basis of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

• 5. Nutritional basis of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

• 6. Hormonal basis of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

• 7. Physiological basis of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

• 8. Psychological and social basis of Growth and Development in Children and Adolescent.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Indranil Manna
Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore-721101, W.B., India
Email: indranil_manna@yahoo.com

The aim of this special issue titled Biosciences, Agriculture and Integrated Crop Protection (BAICP) of Research in Plant Sciences Journal is to enhance health, food security and safety by giving an opportunity to researchers to showcase their experiences and results that portray various bioscience approaches and techniques applied in plant regeneration and agriculture especially to develop, regenerate, improve or protect food crops and medicinal plants. The manuscripts submitted must be original, have not been published and are not going to be considered for publication elsewhere. Authors should certify that neither the manuscript nor its main content have already been published or submitted for publication in another journal and that, if the manuscript will be accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form without the written permission of Research in Plant Sciences Journal.
The special issue intends to publish papers dealing with all aspects of agriculture, crop protection and medicinal plants. Articles must present information that provides scientific or technological advancement in the specific field of interest of the journal (Instructions to authors at: http://www.sciepub.com/journal/PLANT/Author#Ins) and enhance its strong international reputation.
BAICP will publish original research articles, review articles, short communications and technical notes on all aspects of agricultural sciences especially those related to crop protection and medicinal plants.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Phytopathology

• Integrated pest management

• Pesticides and the environment

• Sustainable plant disease control, Integrated crop protection

• Plant diseases

• Plant extracts for biological control of pests and diseases

• Natural enemies of plant pests

• Spatio-temporal distribution of pests, pest enemies and diseases

• plant regeneration techniques

• Biochemical studies

• medicinal plants, agriculture and food safety, etc

Chief Guest Editor

Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong
Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon
Email: ntsomboh@yahoo.fr

Guest Editor

Maho Yalen Edson
Higher Teachers Training College of the University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Email: mahoed@yahoo.fr

Nzweundji Germo Justine
Institute of Medical Research and studies of Medicinal Plants (Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation), Cameroon; Exchange scholar Alabama A&M University, USA
Email: ttgermo@yahoo.fr

The aim of this special issue is to explore a new young approach of corporate governance ‘’ behavioral approach of corporate governance”. This is the centre of this special issue; we focus on the evolution of corporate governance approach.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Behavioral corporate governance

• Behavioral corporate investment

• Behavioral financing decision

• Behavioral corporate governance

• Managerial psychology

• Managerial optimism and firms’ technical efficiency

• Managerial overconfidence and R&D spending

• Managerial psychology and earning management

• Managerial psychological biases and corporate disclosure

• Managerial psychological biases and environmental disclosure

Chief Guest Editor

Garoui Nassreddine
University of kairouan,Tunisia
Email: garoui.nassreddine@yahoo.fr

Guest Editor

BEN MOHAMED EZZEDDINE
University of sfax
Email: benmohamed.ezzeddine@yahoo.fr

Mohamed Ali AZOUZI
University of Monastir, Tunisia
Email: mohamed_azouzi@yahoo.fr

Microbial applications are spreading their aura in almost every dimensions of human welfare including waste treatment, valuable products, biotransformations, healthcare, medicines, energy generation, bioremediations and many more. This special issue of ‘American Journal of Microbiological Research’ proposes to discuss latest various applications of microorganisms and their products in human welfare. The aim of the Special Issue is to provide a platform for the researchers to understand the recent advancements in microbiological research in addition to major limitations. These articles will provide an opportunity to the readers to understand and access the scientific information.
Scientific subjects will include articles concerning the epigenetic mechanisms of disease/therapy as well as the role of the immune system in hemato-oncology. Very interesting and uncommon subjects will include discussions of disease evaluations. Experts will describe the role of anti bacterial agents in the management of infections and currently emerging and promising investigational therapies, as well as infection prophylaxis.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Waste to energy

• Biomass to energy

• Microbial Biofuel production

• Biodiesel production

• enzyme production

• Bio plastics (Poly hydroxyl Alkanoates) production

• Microbial Fuel Cells

• Bioelectrochemical system

• Wastewater treatment

Chief Guest Editor

Dr Abhilasha S Mathuriya
Anand Engineering College, Agra, India
Email: imabhilasha@gmail.com

It’s my pleasure to have a editorial volume on ‘RECENT TRENDS IN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES’, which will contain papers from diversified research areas.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Ore geology

• Env. Geology

• hydrogeology

• disaster management

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Devananda Beura
P.G. Department of Geology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Email: debanandabeura@rediffmail.com

Medical Genetics and Epigenomics explore the potential genetics and/or epigenetics biomarkers for diseases. From the development of methods to the identification of genetics and/or epigenetics biomarkers and translation of biomarkers as the screening tools for diseases. The journal accepts original, innovative and sound theoretical research on different diseases by focusing on the exploration of potential insights of genes involved in diseases, development of innovative (epi)genotyping methods and screening tools as well as powerful computational and bioinformatics analyses. The journal has a multi-disciplinary approach which includes original research, short communications, perspectives, theory, models, analyses, applications and reviews.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Genetics and epigenetics aspects of all diseases

• Methods and protocols development on high-throughput sequencing, whole genome analysis, bioinformatics and/or computational biology, in silico and biostatistical analyses.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Keat Wei Loo
Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Email: genomians@gmail.com

American Journal of Educational Research publishes original research papers on all aspects of English Language, British and American Studies. It is a refereed, peer-reviewed, and open-access e-journal for scholars, researchers, teachers, and officials of the English language, British and American Studies in the entire world.
We aim to bring important work on the language, history, literature, politics and culture of the United States and Great Britain. The research presented must transcend the limits of case studies. Both experimental and theoretical studies are accepted, as are descriptive or historical accounts, although these must offer deep insights into issues of general interest to language, history, literature, politics and culture.

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

American Literature, Eighteenth Century Literature, Literary Theory, Medieval Literature, Renaissance Literature, Romanticism, Seventeenth Century Literature, Shakespearean Literature, Victorian Literature, Twentieth Century and Contemporary Literature, Comparative Literature, etc. The field of Linguistics will include Applied Linguistics, Language Teaching, Computational Linguistics, Discourse Analysis, Historical Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Language Acquisition, Sociolinguistics, Bilingualism, Language and Gender, Language Variation and Change, Speech Science, Perception, Theoretical Linguistics, Morphology, Phonology, Phonetics, Pragmatics, Semantics and Syntax.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Arburim Iseni
Department of English Language and Literature, State University of Tetova
Email: arburim.iseni@unite.edu.mk

Guest Editor

Juan José Varela
Department of English Language and Literature, University of La Coruña, Spain
Email: tembrajuan@hotmail.com

Ardian Deari
South-East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia
Email: ardi.deari@gmail.com

A Special Issue on “Environmental Microbiology and its Social Implications” is an international journal that seeks to publish papers aimed at addressing significant issues related to Environmental Microbiology, its various implications and problems, contributing towards addition of new concepts, trends and knowledge to Science. This special issue is being launched with an aim of highlighting research related to Environment and its implications in various fields, hoping to lead towards a cleaner and safer environment for the health and well being of our future generations and the life around us.
High quality papers are encouraged, for publication, that are directly related to various aspects of the environment, social, financial, clinical and psychological implications, biological and ecological effects on human health, parameters and results related to measurement of air, water and soil pollution and climate change. Novel techniques for the study and measurement of pollution are encouraged. Research papers, Meta Analyses papers, Modeling papers, Critical review papers, News & Views from Research and Technology and Letters to the Editor will be welcomed. The international and interdisciplinary profile of the journal and appropriate peer review as well as refereeing procedures will be maintained and safe guarded by the editors.
The Editors welcome the following contributions:
  •Full research papers: with observations and results from scientific investigations
  •Review papers: with critical reviews of subjects and topics included
  •Comments: Opinions, concerns, questions about subjects and topics included in the journal
  •Letters to the Editor: in order to discuss issues or concerns about subjects and topics included in the journal and initiate correspondence

The topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Environmental Science

• Environmental Microbiology

• Environmental Ethics

• Environmental effects on Social Psychology

• Ecology

• Ecology and Social Sciences

• Energy and Environment

• Hydrology

• Aquatic Microbiology

• Marine Microbiology

• Climatology as related to Microbiology

• Soil Science

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Jaya Vikas Kurhekar
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Sangli 416416, Maharashtra State, India.
Email: jaya_kurhekar@rediffmail.com

Any food product follows a chain, which starts with the production and storage of raw materials and continues, through processing, packaging, distribution and preparation in the household, to the table of the consumer. One of the main contributions of the twentieth century has been to give the whole processing industry a solid scientific basis, leading to new approaches to technology. Consumers demand convenient, innovative, fresh foods, including new "minimally processed" products. The idea that industrially processed foods are not natural, or that they are synthetic, is a widespread approach of today’s twentieth-century consumer to food. In fact, the food processing industry does not only "manufacture" foods, as it develops and uses an ever increasing array of technologies to transform and preserve natural raw materials in the form of food ingredients or finished products, packaged and ready for use. Throughout the twentieth century, the food processing industry performed well in meeting the challenge to provide an ever increasing array of nutritious, safe products at affordable prices, that give pleasure as well as sustenance to an ever growing number of consumers. Just as past technical innovations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have served the food industry, so will the technological advances of the twenty-first century. To meet consumers' expectations in the twenty-first century, the food industry will utilize novel technologies whose purpose will be to provide the new quality attributes demanded by consumers; and to ensure food safety. Industry will continue to seek new rapid methods of testing foods and new technologies to identify and control possible food hazards. Likewise, consumers will push for new technologies in processing and packaging that use innovative approaches to yield foods with a "less processed" quality.
Therefore, this special issue, entitled “Processed foods: chemistry, technology and safety”, aims to focus on research findings that have the potential for helping the agri-food industry to improve process efficiency, enhance product quality and, extend shelf-life of processed food products. Research findings and critical reviews on new perspectives to established processes, innovative and emerging technologies, possible future applications of these technologies, trends and future research in food and bioproducts processing will take place in this special issue. Short communications, letters to the Editor and book reviews are also welcomed.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• new technologies for quality, damage and disease assessment and prediction; grading and classification techniques; postharvest treatments, value-addition, and traceability

• chemical and physical properties of technologically processed foods and agricultural products

• sensors, sensing technology and process control

• impact and challenges of new technologies

• innovations and the widespread acceptance of new technologies

• development and verification/validation of processing technologies to serve as food safety interventions
  
  

• effectiveness and efficacy of technologies and treatment combinations in extending shelf life, ensuring safety and maintaining the quality of food products.
  
  

• technologies that are particularly promising for the food processor’s use in the quest for enhanced food quality.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Derya Arslan, PhD
Department of food engineering, Division of food sciences, Faculty of engineering and architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
Email: dears@konya.edu.tr

Guest Editor

Dr. Ghayth Rigane, Ph. D
Organic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Sfax-Tunisia
Email: gaith.rigane@yahoo.fr

Dr. Luigi Lucini, Ph.D
Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry & Research Centre for Proteomics and Nutrigenomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
Email: luigi.lucini@unicatt.it

Cold Form Steel shear wall (CFS) is a practical alternative to concrete or conventional steel structures mainly because of higher strength or weight ratio and faster construction. Due to their lighter weight, Cold Form Steel shear wall (CFS) residential and commercial buildings are becoming more efficient alternative in regions involving seismic risk while compared to concrete and conventional steel counterparts. Wall panels made of CFS framing sheathed on one side or on both sides with steel or some other type of sheathing panel like OSB, Fiber cement and Betopan have been widely used as the lateral load resisting elements in CFS structures constructed especially in low and medium seismic risk regions.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

Study about Cold Form Lateral load resistance systems in high rise buildings (CFS) and its behavior with different sheathing panel like OSB, Fiber cement, Betopan and steel under different kind of loading

Chief Guest Editor

Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh Karim
Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN
Email: MRBKarimi@yrct.ir

Recycling has a lot of benefits that can help people and save the environment as well. Its importance can be observed in many different ways. Here are some great reasons why recycling is important:

Recycling Saves the Earth

Recycling different products will help the environment. For example, we know that paper comes from trees and many trees are being cut down just to produce paper. By recycling it, we can help lessen the number of trees that are cut down. Products made from raw materials that came from our natural resources should be recycled so that we can help preserve the environment.

Recycling Saves Energy

It takes less energy to process recycled materials than to process virgin materials. For example, it takes a lot less energy to recycle paper than to create new paper from trees. The energy from transporting virgin materials from the source is also saved. Saving energy also has its own benefits like decreasing pollution. This creates less stress on own health and our economy.

Recycling Helps Mitigate Global Warming and Reduce Pollution

By saving energy in industrial production through recycling, the greenhouse gas emissions from factories and industrial plants are lessened and the use of fuels that emit harmful gasses during production is also minimized. Recycling non-biodegradable waste (rather than burning it) will contribute a lot to help reduce air pollution and greenhouse gasses that depletes the ozone layer.

Recycling Reduces Waste Products in Landfills

Landfills are mostly composed of non-biodegradable waste which takes long time to decompose. By recycling, we can lessen the waste materials that are placed into landfills and we are able to make the most out of these materials. If we don’t recycle, more and more garbage will go to landfills until they all get filled up.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Waste and Environment

• Using waste in industry

• Waste and Energy

• Waste and Economy

• Glass waste recycling

• Polymer waste recycling

• Paper waste recycling

• Building materials waste recycling

• Pollution by waste

Chief Guest Editor

Ali I.Al-Mosawi
Technical Institute of Babylon
Email: aliibrahim76@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Shaymaa Abbas Abdulsada
University of Kufa
Email: Shaymaa.radhi@uokufa.edu.iq

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were defined as secondary building units (SBUs) [metals] linked to organic (aromatic carboxylates are widely employed because they have rigid organic skeleton and strong coordination ability toward many metals). MOFs pay an important role in material science, because it has high surface areas, accessible permanent porosities, tunable structures, and high chemical and/or thermal stability. MOFs were synthesized by different methods such as solvothermal, hydrothermal, sonochemical & mechanical synthesis and microwave synthesis. MOFs have many applications in gas storage, separation, catalysis, sensors, and drug delivery. The main applications of MOFs rely upon the absorption and separation of gaseous molecules including CO2, N2, CH4, and H2; however, such an intriguing class of ultra porous materials is now holding promise for microelectronics, sensing, ion conductivity, optics, pollutant sequestration, drug delivery, contrast agents, micromotors, and bioreactors.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Synthesis and characterization of MOFs

• Applications of MOFs

Chief Guest Editor

Reda Abdelhameed
University of Aveiro
Email: Reda.abdelhameed@ua.pt

Nowadays, with the end of fossil fuel resources, providing sustainable energy issue has been a major concern for governments. The most efforts have also been accomplished for overcoming energy challenges. On the other hand, governments and their dependent/independent power plants are forced generate energy in an allowable range of pollutants. With these regard, utilization of other alternatives has been grown over the past decade. One of the key solutions is the using of the clean and renewable energy resources.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Wind Energy

• Solar Energy

• Hybrid Renewable Energy

• Optimization and Management of Renewable Energy

• Economic and Environments aspects of Renewable Energy

• Renewable Systems Plans and Successful Experiences of it in Energy

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Mojtaba Shivaie
Shahid Beheshti University
Email: mshivaie@live.com, m_shivaie@sbu.ac.ir

The Special Issue in Fluid Flow and Thermo-Mechanics Engineering will be a forum for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed papers on integral-differential equations, finite elements, finite differences, finite volumes, and boundary elements. This issue also publishes contributions that employ existing experimental techniques to gain an understanding of the underlying flow physics in the areas of turbulence, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, convective heat transfer, combustion, turbomachinery, and multi-phase flows. In fact, Fluid flow and Thermo-Mechanics applications are ubiquitous in nature. Many aspects in industrial operations and daily life are closely related to fluid flow and heat transfer processes. Along with the development of computer industry and the advancement of numerical methods, solid foundation in both hardware and software has been established to study the processes by using numerical simulation methods, which play important roles in the ways of extending research topics, reducing research costs, discovering new phenomena, and developing new technologies. Methods for solving ancillary equations such as transport and diffusion are also quite relevant. The expressed intention of this issue is the dissemination of information relating to the development refinement and application of numerical and experimental techniques for solving problems in fluids.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• fluid flow

• Single phase flows

• Multiphase flows

• Micro-/nanoflows

• Non-Newtonian flows

• fluid mechanics

• Turbulence

• Multiscale simulations

• Compressible flows

• combustion

• turbomachinery

• convective heat transfer

Chief Guest Editor

Zied Driss
National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
Email: zied.driss@enis.rnu.tn

Studies on the effects of inter-firm and inter-industry interactions have long been the topic of scientific research around the globe. The industrial cluster approach, which is certainly associated with the name of M. Porter roots to research of E. Dahmen, A. Hirschman and J.R. Lasuen to name just a few. Recent authors discuss the inter-organizational collaboration of actors within the cluster, the backbone of which is involvement in to the process of value co-creation. The cluster ceased to be a geographical term and has transformed into the institutional framework of the new knowledge (networked) economy.

Over the last decade, the cluster concept has moved from being solely of interest to the respective scientific community on to the policy tool, which is being used by national and regional authorities all around the world. One of the latter countries in Europe to introduce the cluster policy was Russia. The special issue of the journal is dedicated to discover the fundamentals and major results of the Russian cluster policy so far. Authors are expected to provide their research results on cluster initiatives being implemented on the regional level, give their critical view on intermediate results, as well as suggest certain methods of analyzing the effects of clustering.

The priority will be given to the econometric articles, aimed at providing quantitative analysis in addition to suggested empirical evidence.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Case study on clustering in Russia (overview and in-depth analysis of regional clusters and innovation networks in the regions of Russia);

• Use of economic and statistical methods of analysis in cluster research (analysis of efficiency and drawbacks, SWOT analysis in relation to certain economic sectors and regional economies, factor analysis, etc.);

• Process and mechanism of formation of clusters in Russia (it is proposed to pay special attention to the stage of emergence of a cluster; the cluster initiative and proto-cluster);

• Regional cluster policies (an overview of the role of governmental authorities in establishing favorable economic conditions for the cluster formation);

• Impact and effects of clustering on the regional economy;

• Inter-cluster cooperation (inter-regional and international cluster cooperation; cluster alliances and cluster networks);

• Development of clusters in high-tech and traditional sectors of economy;

• Comparative analysis of organized and organic clusters in Russia;

• Geography of regional clusters in Russia;

• Institutional collaboration within innovative cluster network (university-business-government-non-profit organizations).

Chief Guest Editor

Andrey Mikhaylov
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Email: ikbfu39@gmail.com

Drug delivery through skin is an attractive alternative to the conventional routes and offers completely non-invasive to minimally invasive drug delivery options for the better compliance of the patients. The beauty of skin is its impermeability which ensures survival on the dry land. Skin not only protects internal organs from injury but also restricts ingress of foreign entities, protects form harmful irradiations and most importantly water evaporation form the body. With all these unique characteristics, skin has been extensively studied to overcome its barrier properties reversibly in order to deliver therapeutic agents. Not only delivering drugs remained the major objective, but also accidental exposure of chemicals for the risk assessment has been extensively studied over the years.

This issue will contain state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles covering outstanding and most recent research from the eminent scientists working in the field of drug delivery through skin. This issue not only highlights the major challenges and their solutions in designing optimum formulations for skin delivery but also in-depth mechanism relating to the strategies of overcoming the barrier properties of the skin will be presented. It is envisaged that this issue will contain 5-10 outstanding manuscripts including original research and outstanding review articles form authors around the globe.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Pre-formulations studies of transdermal formulations

• Novel formulations intended for skin delivery

• Permeation enhancement strategies

• Microneedle mediated skin delivery

• In-vitro and In-vivo correlations in skin delivery

• Mathematical modelling of skin permeability

• New Innovations in topical and transdermal drug delivery

• Clinical aspects of topical and transdermal drug delivery

Chief Guest Editor

Yasser Shahzad
North-West University
Email: y.shahzad@live.com

Guest Editor

Madeeha Malik
Hamdard University
Email: madeehamalik15@gmail.com

This issue welcomes all researchers, academicians, and practitioners on all areas related with fuzzy sets theory.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Fuzzy Sets and Systems

• Fuzzy Mathematics and Systems with Applications

• Fuzzy Engineering

• Fuzzy Information

• Artificial Intelligence

• Fuzzy Operation Research and Management

• Fuzzy Logic

• Soft Computing

Chief Guest Editor

Francisco Gallego Lupiáñez
Complutense University of Madrid
Email: fg_lupianez@mat.ucm.es

In the face of rising demands and skyrocketing costs, all the occupations and institutions in the field of health care are being challenged to develop more effective and economical interventions for the delivery of their services. Improvement in medicine use is very much dependent on the health systems within which care is delivered. The contributions of pharmacy practice has helped many countries in achieving better health outcomes, reducing the costs of treatment, building the patient trust on healthcare system, reduced side effects and risk of treatments, decreased morbidity and mortality, improved access to safe and timely treatments and improved quality of life resulting in achievements of millennium development goals.

This issue will contain state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles covering outstanding and most recent research from the eminent scientists working in the field of pharmacy practice. This issue not only highlights the major challenges and their solutions in designing optimizing patient care models but also in-depth mechanism relating to the strategies of overcoming the irrational drug use will be presented. It is envisaged that this issue will contain 5-10 outstanding manuscripts including original research and outstanding review articles from authors around the globe.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Rational drug use

• Prescribing Practices

• Health Related Quality of Life

• Drug Management

• Healthcare Models

• Community pharmacies

• Pharmacoeconoims studies

Chief Guest Editor

Madeeha Malik
Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: madeehamalik15@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Azhar Hussain
Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: azharhussain10971@gmail.com

M. Shafiq
Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: shafiqajmi@yahoo.com

Teacher education is an integral part of education. It is the spotlight of the 21st century. The teacher occupies a pivotal position in the system of education. Teacher plays an important role as friend, philosopher, guide and helper of the student. The teacher is the backbone of the educational system, maker of the mankind and architect of the society. Thus the role of the teachers is very important in making the nation. The success of education depends on quality of teacher which creates excellence in all walks of life. The qualitative aspects of education depend entirely on the character and personality of the teachers. The American Commission on Teacher Education rightly observes, “The quality of its citizens depends not exclusively, but in critical measure upon the quality of their education. The quality of their education depends more than upon any single factor upon the quality of their teacher”. The National Policy on Education in India (1986) has rightly said, “The status of the teacher reflects the socio-cultural ethos of a society; it is said that no people can rise above the level of its teachers”. Teacher education is that knowledge, skill and ability which as relevant to the life of a teacher. If we throw the light on the Teacher Education Programme in all over the world we would see that a remarkable growth occurred in the field of Teacher Education. At the same time Teacher Education is losing its identity in so many countries. Teacher Education in various countries has been struggling to strengthen its identity. Struggle does not mean degeneration of values and degeneration of institutions. It is true that after persistent struggle there is evident improvement, but, still there is no end to perfection. There are many issues and challenges pertaining to Teacher Education Programme like Policy dilemma, Professional development, Quality Research, Academic Staff Development, E-learning and Teacher Education, ICT and Teacher education, Quality Management in Teacher education, Teacher education in 21st Century, Teacher education Global perspective etc. Teacher Education should be so powerful and graceful that nobody should dare to dictate. It is high time to revive and strengthen the Teacher Education Programme in all over the world.

This special Issue aims, therefore,

• To explore the current Issues and Challenges in the field of Teacher Education in various countries’ in the world.
• To share innovative ideas for the qualitative development of teacher education.
• To analyze the changing context of teacher education in the global scenario.
• To know the development of teacher education during various periods and examine its relevance today.
• To find out the curricula and courses for teacher education in different countries of the world.
• To ascertain the special features of the Teacher Education system in various countries.
• To know the agencies involved in the continuing professional teacher development (CPTD).
• To know the structure of Teacher Education Programme at various levels of education in different countries.
• To know the issues and problems of teacher education.
• To analyze the incentives given to teachers to work towards their professional development.
• To know the quality indicators for teacher education.
• To know the significance of E-learning in Teacher Education.
• To know the significance of ICT in Teacher Education

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

Teacher Education: Role, Problems and Remedies, Teacher Education at Cross Roads, Today’s Teacher Education-Tomorrow’s Nation, Indicators of Quality in Teacher Education, Teacher Education in 21st Century, Policy Dilemma in Teacher Education, E-Learning and Teacher Education, ICT and Teacher Education, Distance Education and Teacher Education, Code of Professional Ethics for Teacher Educator, Professional Ethics of Teacher Education for Sustainable Future, Constructivist in Teacher Education, Curricula and Courses in Teacher Education, Academic Staff Development and Teacher Education, Examination Reforms in Teacher Education, Research in Teacher Education, Job satisfaction, Total Quality Management in Teacher Education, Professional Upgradation and Teacher Education, Quality Control in Teacher Education, Faculty Improvement Programme for Teacher Education, Performance Appraisal of teachers, Current Trends in Teacher Education, Innovative Practices and Teacher Education, Technology Integrated Teacher Education, Theory and Practice of Teacher Education, Quality Assurance and Teacher Education, RTE and Teacher Education, Teacher Education and Values, Peace Education and Teacher Education. Human Rights Education and Teacher Education; Life skills and Teacher Education, Inclusive education and Teacher Education, Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization, Problems and Prospects of Teacher Education, Knowledge Based Society & Teacher Education, Professionalism and Teacher Education.

Chief Guest Editor

Santosh Kumar Behera
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University
Email: santoshbehera.jkc@gmail.com

Environmental science comprises all of the external factors, conditions and influences that could affect the life, development and survival of living organisms. Environmental education, its challenges and management has made the educationalists and policy makers to even indulge those aspects in the regular curriculum of all researchers irrespective of their course selection. Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollutants and contaminants for the general protection of human health and environment. Environmental challenges knows no international boundaries and therefore, the impacts can have global manifestations as what we are experiencing today in the form of drastic changes in the climate, melting of polar ice caps, detrimental decline in the biodiversity etc. this universal ever-increasing phenomenon of environmental degradation has raised a number of questions involving the very existence and integrity of the various ecosystems. In this context, the special issue on “Remediation Technologies for Clean and Green Environment” has brought together a galaxy of environmental specialists and budding scientists from various disciplines with a view to present, discuss and exchange their scientific thoughts to innovate and devise new strategies for environmentally sound and sustainable development of the society. We hope that this special issue would be a resource material for all the researchers and scientists who are engaged in environmental research. High quality research and review papers dealing with remediation technologies for the development of clean and green environment are encouraged.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Bioremediation

• Composting Technology

• Dye decolourization

• Environmental Toxicology

• Environmental Education

• Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology

• Health Safety and Environment

• Pollution

• Toxicology

• Waste Management and Treatment

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. P. Saranraj
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: microsaranraj@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. P. Sivasakthivelan
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: plantdoctormicrosiva@gmail.com

Dr. T. Sivakumar
Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts and Science, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: shiva.fungi@gmail.com

The aim of Special Issue is to promote a greater knowledge and understanding of the attributes and capabilities of all types of modern engineering materials in the context of engineering design, Biomechanics and Biomaterials. Special Issue publishes a range of high quality peer reviewed research articles including full papers, short communications and technical reports, that investigate the properties of materials that influence or control any practical design. All types of engineering material are addressed including metals, ceramics and glasses, polymers and elastomers, Functionally Graded Materials and composites, and all scales of design application from micro-machinery to large structural components.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Optimum Design

• Stress analysis

• Mechanics of materials

• Functionally Graded Materials

• Application of advanced materials for Biomechanics& Biomaterials

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Dr. Hassan Hedia
King abdulaziz university, Saudi Arabia
Email: hassanhedia87@yahoo.com

Submitted papers should contain unpublished results (not published in other journals) research on teaching for higher education in large basic or applied areas of biological and / or medical sciences, such as biochemistry, immunology, parasitology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, molecular biology or cell biology. Entries may be qualitative, quantitative or qualitative-quantitative nature

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• teaching biochemistry,

• teaching in immunology;

• teaching in parasitology;

• teaching in microbiology;

• teaching in pathology; pharmacology;

• teaching in molecular biology;

• teaching in cell biology

Chief Guest Editor

Daniel Manzoni de Almeida
University of São Paulo, Brazil
Email: danielmanzoni@yahoo.com.br

Microorganisms have existed on the earth for more than 3.8 billion years and exhibit the greatest genetic and metabolic diversity. They are an essential component of biosphere and serve as an important role in the maintenance and sustainability of ecosystems. Microbiology, from the very start of its birth, was a forerunner in advancement of science. It made great impacts in human life and changed the very face of the earth and the quality of human life than any other science. Microbiology has not only revolutionized modern biology but also has made great impacts in human life. The scope of Microbiology is expanding rapidly providing information in applied aspects of recent trends in Marine biology, Environmental Science, Food technology, Industrial and pharmaceutical process, besides the traditional areas of Agriculture and Medicine. Extensive research using microorganisms is being conducted in various countries around the world. The special issue on “Recent Trends in Microbial Research” provides publication of articles in all areas of Microbiology such as Environmental Microbiology, Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Bacteriology, Phycology, Mycology and Parasitology, Microbial Ecology, Probiotics and Prebiotics, Molecular Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Enzymology, Plant Pathology, Biomedical Sciences, Botany and Plant Sciences, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The Journal welcomes the submission of research and review articles that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Agricultural Microbiology

• Bioinoculant Technology

• Environmental Microbiology

• Fermentation Technology

• Food Microbiology

• Industrial Microbiology

• Marine Microbiology

• Medical and Clinical Microbiology

• Microbial Biotechnology

• Microbial Ecology

• Molecular Microbiology

• Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. P. Saranraj
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: microsaranraj@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. M. Palaniswamy
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: m.palaniswamy@gmail.com

Dr. J. Angayarkanni
Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: angaibiotech@buc.edu.in

Traditional soil cultivation systems, with intensive soil tillage, will generally lead to soil degradation and loss of crop productivity. World-wide the focus has shifted to conservation agriculture (CA). CA is characterized by three linked principles, namely: continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover and diversification of crop species grown in sequences and/or associations. Conservation Agriculture maintains a permanent or semi-permanent organic soil cover. This can be a growing crop or dead mulch. Its function is to protect the soil physically from sun, rain and wind and to feed soil biota. The soil micro-organisms and soil fauna take over the tillage function and soil nutrient balancing. Mechanical tillage disturbs this process. Therefore, zero or minimum tillage and direct seeding are important elements of CA. Thus, CA aims to conserve, improve and make more efficient use of natural resources through integrated management of available soil, water and biological resources combined with external inputs. It contributes to environmental conservation as well as to enhanced and sustained agricultural production. It can also be referred to as resource-efficient / resource effective agriculture. CA is being practiced on about 45 million ha, mostly in South and North America. Its use is growing exponentially on small and large farms in South America, due to economic and environmental pressures. However, its area is increasing at a very slow rate across the globe especially among the smallholder farmers of developing countries. Increasing labor scarcity, declining soil’s productivity, declining biodiversity, climate change effects, low integration of crop-livestock-fisheries in agriculture and increasing cost of cultivation are the major constraints of present day agriculture. Therefore, the present topic was chosen to share the generated knowledge among the scientific communities and disseminate it among the smallholder farmers of developing countries.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Conservational Agriculture (CA) among smallholder farming communities

• CA in mitigating climate change effects

• CA in conserving biodiversity

• CA in conserving natural resources like soil and water

• CA in improving the resources use efficiency of agricultural systems

• CA under crop-livestock-fisheries production system

Chief Guest Editor

Tika Bahadur Karki
Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: tbkarki2003@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Jiban Shrestha
Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: jibshrestha@yahoo.com

Mahendra Prasad Tripathi
Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: mptripathi@gmail.com

The main scope of the special issue will be the food waste that is the highest putrescible fraction of solid waste. Organic food waste is often wasted despite the fact that it is a resource for biomethanisation and of carbon and nutrients for agricultural use. The management of food waste is characterized by legislative, environmental, social, economic and technological aspects. Developed multi-objective programming approaches have been used to evaluate food waste management problems, while legal corrections are beginning to reflect the business reality where by-product use and waste prevention have been practiced in the food sector for many years. Sustainable energy communities in Europe have contributed to the biomethanisation of organic food waste as a decentralised renewable energy source. New integrated practices have been promoted for the district production of electricity and heat from biogas by exploiting the organic food waste source in disposers, contributing to the reduction in CO2 emissions related to collection of municipal solid waste and to cost savings associated with the collection, transportation, source separation and other management practices. Furthermore, another relevant contribution to energy and material saving can arise from the recovery of the nutrients and organic carbon. The dissemination of food waste management practices among sustainable energy communities will overcome the non-technological barriers standing against.

Aim of the proposed special issue will be to gather the most recent advances in food waste management across the globe. Experiences from implemented projects, as well as core research on food waste exploitation practises will be included. The connection between social issues of food waste and food availability will be covered in connection with behavioural issues on consumption patterns of food will be welcome.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• anaerobic digestion

• composting

• biomethane

• nutrients

• carbon storage

• food waste

• social issues

• climate change

Chief Guest Editor

George Perkoulidis
Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
Email: gperk@aix.meng.auth.gr

Guest Editor

Stamatia Kontogianni
Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
Email: matina@aix.meng.auth.gr

Apostolos Malamakis
Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
Email: amalama@aix.meng.auth.gr

Francesco Di Maria
Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
Email: francesco.dimaria@unipg.it

Food microbiology is specifically concerned with the desirable and undesirable effects microbes can have on the quality and safety of food products. In this special issue “Food Preservation and Safety Management”, we will briefly survey the importance of food preservation from microbial spoilage and food safety management. We will overview some fundamental food microbiological concepts and consider how microbes are involved in food spoilage, food preservation, and food borne illness. We will conclude by considering the sources of microbes and general ways in which microbes may be controlled in food and food processing environments. The scope of Food Science is expanding rapidly providing information in applied aspects of recent trends in Fish spoilage, Food preservation, Food Fermentation, Food Production, Food poisoning, Single Cell Proteins, Food Safety Management and Food Safety Operations. The special issue “Food Preservation and Safety Management” publishes original research articles and review papers dealing with all aspects of the microbiology of foods. The editors aim to publish manuscripts of the highest quality which are both relevant and applicable to the broad field covered by the journal. Studies must be novel, have a clear connection to food microbiology & food safety management, and be of general interest to the international community of food microbiologists. The editors make every effort to ensure rapid and fair reviews, resulting in timely publication of accepted manuscripts.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Bakery product spoilage and preservation

• Chemical Preservatives and Biopreservatives

• Fish spoilage and preservation

• Food Fermentation

• Food Preservation Techniques

• Food Production

• Food poisoning and Food Intoxification

• Food Safety Management and Operations

• Fruits and Vegrtables spoilage

• Herbal Foods

• Mycotoxins

• Personal Hygiene

• Poultry spoilage and preservation

• Single Cell Protein (SCP)

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. P. Saranraj
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: microsaranraj@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Ramesh C. Ray
Principal Scientist in Microbiology, Regional Centre, Central Tuber Crop Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Email: rc.ray6@gmail.com

Dr. P. Sivasakthivelan
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: plantdoctormicrosiva@gmail.com

This special issue will bring to the reader what is most up-to-date in spinal surgery. It will include articles from all over the world and consider what is new on reconstructive surgery, rehabilitation, spinal trauma surgery, prosthetics and more.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Spinal surgery, including:

• Neuromuscular scoliosis;

• Idiopathic scoliosis;

• Trauma – advances in care and current development of strategies for preventing spinal cord injuries;

• Rehabilitation in spinal diseases;

• Biomechanical studies on spinal surgery;

• Current development on prosthesis and implants;

• Current techniques and further developments in spinal surgery;

• Preventing complications in spinal surgery;

• Exoskeletons: State of the art.

Chief Guest Editor

David Gonçalves Nordon
Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo
Email: nordondg@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Lucas Castrillon Carmo Machado
Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo
Email: lucascastrillon@gmail.com

José Antonio Mancuso Filho
Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo
Email: Toni_med91@yahoo.com.br

Abnormal epigenetic modifications play an important role in several diseases and disorders including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, autoimmune as well as inflammatory diseases, etc. Small molecule inhibitors or activators are attractive choices to treat these conditions and learn more about underlying mechanism for processes involving anomalous transcription state. This special issue provides a platform for researchers around the world to submit their original manuscripts and review articles in the area of small molecule research for the application of epigenetic modulation.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Histone Deacetylases

• Histone Acetyltransferases

• DNA Methyltransferase

• Histone Methylation.

• Histone Demethylase

• Histone Methyltransferase

Chief Guest Editor

Vishal Patil
University of California Santa Barbara
Email: vishal@ucsb.edu

Guest Editor

Yogini Bhavsar-Jog
University of Pennsylvania
Email: bhavsar.yogini@gmail.com

The aim of the American Journal of Medical and Biological Research special issue in Space Life Sciences is to promote the state of the art in this field of knowledge and contribute to the development of this research line among the medical and biological scientists. The scope of this issue is related to the health and biological sciences both as a countermeasure to the microgravity effects on human body and the prevention of diseases and pathological events in space.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Space Medicine

• Space Physiology

• Space Biomechanics

• Space Pharmacology

• Tele-medicine in Space

• Extraterrestrial Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Chief Guest Editor

Rafael Reimann Baptista
Aerospace Biomechanics Laboratory, MicroG Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil
Email: rafael.baptista@pucrs.br

Guest Editor

Thais Russomano
Aerospace Physiology Laboratory, MicroG Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil
Email: trussomano@hotmail.com

Amis: To establish an academic position and make a scientific network for sharing and transferring and exchanging knowledge in the field of education and psychology and to facilitate diffusion of research results among researchers. Scope of journal is limited to all topics related to different dimensions of educational and psychology (a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skill, connected with a person’s mind and the way in which it works: the psychological development of children, health psychology,) in form of original and review paper as well as short communication and book review.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Educational psychology

• Factors in the teaching and learning of students with learning disabilities

• Learning disorder in students

• The teacher's role in creating a positive environment for learning

• Evaluations of curriculum students are smart and silly.

• The evaluation of student achievement.

Chief Guest Editor

Maryam Fooladvand
Islamic Azad University
Email: mhyarm@yahoo.com

Present day Agriculture aims not only to increase unit area productivity but also to have quality produce with sustainability of production by protecting soil health and fertility. This is possible by integrating traditional practices with agricultural technology being developed time to time. Agriculture is heavily dependent on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to achieve higher yields. This dependence is associated with problems such as environmental pollution, health hazards, interruption of natural ecological nutrient cycling and destruction of biological communities that otherwise support crop production. Hence, crop production and pest and disease management have to be achieved in shorter intervals of time with fewer detrimental inputs. The use of bioresources to replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides is growing. Biofertilizers and Biopesticides are products of efficient microbial inoculants proved their potentials in increasing plant nutrient availability and in the control of crop pests and diseases respectively. Hence, microbial inoculants are to be mass produced having high cell count per unit volume, formulated possessing long shelf life, assessed for the quality to increase the acceptance and adoption of this technology by farming community. The special issue on “Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture” in “World Journal of Agricultural Research” is arranged to discuss on the various issues on the constrains and limitations in the adoption and dissemination of this technology by rural farmers. This special issue will cover all areas of the Agriculture. The journal welcomes the submission of research and review papers that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Agronomy

• Agricultural Chemistry

• Agricultural Economics

• Agricultural Engineering

• Agricultural Marketing

• Agricultural Microbiology

• Animal Science

• Crop Science

• Dairy Science

• Entomology

• Forestry

• Horticulture

• Pesticide Science

• Seed Science

• Soil Science

• Stored Products Research

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. P. Sivasakthivelan
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: plantdoctormicrosiva@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. P. Saranraj
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: microsaranraj@gmail.com

Dr. R. T. S. Nandini
Department of Microbiology & Biochemistry, Nadar Saraswathi Arts and College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: nandinirts@gmail.com

Microbial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in human beings. The problems in the farms are usually tackled by preventing disease outbreaks or by treating the actual disease with drugs or chemicals. Antibiotics used in both human as well as veterinary medicines have been tried experimentally to treat microbial infections. Decreased efficacy and resistance of pathogens to antibiotics has necessitated development of new alternatives. Microbial resistance to antibiotics has been a great problem for many years. Due to the in discriminating use of antimicrobial drugs, the microorganisms have developed resistance to many commercial antibiotics. Development of such newer disease causing pathogens and evolution of existing microorganisms has resulting severe consequences including mortality of patients. The expanding bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a growing concern worldwide. Intensive care physicians consider antibiotic resistance bacterial a significant problem in the treatment of patients. Increasing bacterial resistance is prompting resurgence in research of the antimicrobial role of herbs against resistant strains. A vast number of natural products have been recognized as valuable resources of natural antimicrobial compounds. The special issue on “Infectious Diseases and Alternative Medicines” in “American Journal of Pharmacological Science” will publish high quality research and review articles which contribute new scientific findings in all areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The journal welcomes the researchers for the submission of their high quality research and review paper.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Applied Biochemistry

• Clinical Pharmacy

• Drug Delivery

• Food/Drug Interaction

• Herbal Medicine Research

• Marine algae

• Natural Product Chemistry

• Novel Drug Delivery System

• Pharmaceutical Chemistry

• Pharmaceutical Microbiology

• Phytochemistry

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. P. Saranraj
Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: microsaranraj@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Murugan Thiraviam
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Email: tmghan@gmail.com

Dr. Jayachandran Subburaj
CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: subbujraj@gmail.com

Singular perturbation problems are of common occurrence in many branches of Applied Mathematics and Engineering including Fluid Mechanics, Chemical Reactor theory, Elasticity, Gas Porous Electrodes theory, Heat and Mass Transfer processes in composite materials with small Heat Conduction or Diffusion. The presence of a small perturbation parameter makes the numerical analysis of these problems more difficult. In this issue, we shall mainly consider the papers based on the efficient numerical methods on singular perturbation theory. Research articles, short notes, survey on any particular fields of singular perturbation are welcome for this issue. We also want to emphasize the young researcher’s article on the numerical methods. The application area of singular perturbation theory will be highly appreciated. The research article on the broad class of numerical analysis beyond singular perturbation can be also considered in this issue.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Singularly Perturbed Problems,

• Adaptively Generated Meshes,

• Fitted Mesh/Operator Methods,

• Shishkin Mesh,

• Bakhvalov Mesh,

• Moving Mesh Methods,

• Parametric Equations,

• Applications of Singularly

• Perturbed Problems in Applied Mathematics and Engineering

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Pratibhamoy Das
Einstein Foundation Fellow, TU Berlin
Email: pratibha@math.tu-berlin.de or editorajna@gmail.com

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. It is responsible for 530,000 new cancer patients annually (9% of all new cancers diagnosed in women). (1)
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is considered the standard treatment for locally advanced cancer cervix. A systematic review and meta-analysis of data showed survival benefits, better local and distant control of CCRT when compared with radiotherapy alone. (3, 4, 5)
However, CCRT is associated with considerable early toxicities, particularly gastrointestinal and hematological ones. Further, many studies showed significant rates of late side effects. The study of Tan, Zahra, 2008, and Green et al, 2001, showed grade 3/4 late sequelae in the range of18.3% to 22%, and included urinary, and, or bowel complications. (5, 6)
Rationale of neoadjuvant chemotherapy:
Several studies showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is effective in reducing tumor size, expediting micrometastasis, improving operability and surgical downstaging. Further, giving chemotherapy alone then surgery is associated with less side effects than giving chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the same time. (7, 8)
Many systemic reviews and meta-analysis showed benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in terms of survival and toxicities. A recent systemic review showed neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with 5 year mean PFS of 61.9%, and 5 year OS of 72.8%. These results were comparable with CCRT in terms of survival, and early toxicities. Further, neoadjuvant chemotherapy had better late tocixity profile.
Till now, no published studies compared between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and CCRT.

Aim of the proposed study:
To assess the survival benefit, toxicities including long term toxicities for neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus CCRT in locally advanced cancer cervix.
Primary end point was survival benefits, and toxicities including long term related ones.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Cancer Cervix, neoadjuvant chemotherapy

• Brain Tumours: temozolmide, reirradiation in recurrent brain gliomas

• Breast cancer: Beyond Taxenes

• Urinary bladder cancer: neoadjuvant chemotherapy

• Treatment related side effects, especially for long term survivors

• Cancer correlation with obesity, and vitamin D deficiency

• Molecular biology of cancer cells on recurrent, whether they are different from that at primary diagnosis

Chief Guest Editor

Mohammed A Osman
General organization for teaching hospitals, institutes, Egypt
Email: mmoneam@hotmail.com

Nano Wireless Sensors
Electrochemical, Electrical, Mass-sensitive, Fiber-optic, Gas Sensors
Novel Architectures for Smart Sensors
Cooperative and Clustering Distributed Sensors
Body Wireless Sensors
Underwater and Underground Sensor systems
Data Fusion for Wireless Sensors
Innovative Intelligence in Distributed Sensors
Sensor Tasking and Control
Lifetime of Wireless Sensors and Actuators
Cross-Layer Design in Distributed Sensors
Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds
Energy efficiency, energy efficient protocols
Applications of Sensor Networks: Health Monitoring, Traffic Control, Target Tracking, Localization, Biology, Medical Science
Data storage, query processing, operating systems

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Wireless Sensor Networks

• Wireless Sensor Systems

• Biology Sensory Systems

• Innovative VLSI Design for Sensors

• RFID Systems

• Ad-hoc Networks

• Reversible Circuit Design

• Grid Systems

• Cloud Systems

Chief Guest Editor

Mohammad Samadi Gharajeh
Islamic Azad University
Email: mhm.samadi@gmail.com, m.samadi@iaut.ac.ir

Guest Editor

Prabir Barooah
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville
Email: pbarooah@ufl.edu

Richard R. Brooks
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, USA
Email: rrb@clemson.edu

During these last decades, important publications have raised up much concerns about organic-rich sedimentation and mass/step-by-step extinctions. This subject has concerned thoroughly the NW Tethyan part and high latitudinal region (including present France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Turkey, etc). Recent petroleum studies have shown, however, that intense black shale levels with important organic-rich accumulation have been recorded in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt). These recordings confirmed the worldwide Oceanic Anoxic Events during the Phanerozoic. However, it is worthy to say that publications on this thematic remain poor to very poor, unfortunately, when compared with the European recordings.

The aims and scope of this special issue will focus on the Phanerozoic (Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic) anoxic events (black shale accumulations) and related mass-extinctions in the North African domain.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Petroleum Geology

• Biostratigraphy

• Structural Geology

• Sedimentology

• Chemostratigraphy

• Geochemistry

• Cyclostratigraphy

• Geochronology

• Mineralogy (related to black shale accumulation)

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Mohamed Soua
Entreprise Tunisienne d’Activités Pétrolières, Exploration department, Tunisia
Email: elmohology@yahoo.fr

Guest Editor

Pr. Abbas Marok
Abou Bakr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Department of Earth and Universe Sciences, Algeria
Email: a_marok@yahoo.fr

Dr. Moez BenFadhel
Faculty of Science of Gafsa, Department of Earth Sciences, Tunisia
Email: moez.benfadhel@yahoo.fr

In the world, the developments of fuel cells are very important issue that is very clear. Many countries are carrying out some work on the fuel cell. Also, these countries give weight to improving the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell studies. Nowadays, we need fuel cells for the energy. The major problem is related to the strength in fuel cells which should use an automotive hydrogen fuel power, recycling, power systems and portable electronic devices that is the most important energy conversion technology. So developing multiscale modeling simulation on multiphase transport performance, efficiency, degradation, and interfacial effects are important in fuel cells’ studies.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Fuel cell

• PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) electrolyzes/fuel cells

• Electrolyzes/fuel cells in multiscale modelling/simulation study

Chief Guest Editor

Tolga Taner
Aksaray University, Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation
Email: tolgataner@aksaray.edu.tr

Guest Editor

Feng-Yuan Zhang
The University of Tennessee Space Institute, Mechanical, Aerospace & Biomedical Engineering
Email: fzhang@utsi.edu

Comprehensive social protection that aims to prevent impoverishment - and protect, promote and transform livelihoods and social relations - provides significant opportunities to help people adapt to disaster risk reduction.

Social protection policies and programmes need to consider disaster risk reduction in order to effectively address the multiple risk and vulnerabilities faced by the poor and excluded.

Developing social protection approaches for disaster risk reduction adaptation requires a rigorous evidence base and an improved understanding of social impacts and policy and implementation processes.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Productive infrastructure,

• Tourism,

• Institutional strengthening

• Risk identification and mitigation,

• Disaster preparedness,

• Risk financing, and economic,

• Legal,

• Institutional and policy frameworks

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Ruhizal Roosli
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Email: ruhizal@usm.my

Guest Editor

Dr. Norazmawati Md. Sani @ Abd. Rahim
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Email: norazmawati@usm.my

Dr. Ernawati Mustafa Kamal
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Email: ernamustafa@usm.my

The aim of Special Issue is to provide an ideal platform to meet and collaborate with experts on fundamentals, applications and products in the field of Chemical Sciences and Technology.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

Transport phenomena, Reaction engineering, Process simulation and modeling, Bio chemical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemical Process Modeling, Chemical Process Safety, Chemical Technology, Chemical Reaction Engineering, Electrochemistry Environmental Engineering, Fluid Dynamics, Food Technology, Materials Science, Food technology ,Green engineering, Thermodynamics Novel techniques for water treatment Environmental engineering, Nanotechnology, Pulp and Paper, Separation Processes, Petroleum Engineering, Membrane separation, Thermodynamics Safety management and other related topics.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. C. Jayakumar
Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech, Anna University, India.
Email: C_jayakumar71@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Dr. M. Arivazhagan
Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT- TRICHY. India.
Email: ariva@nitt.edu

Dr. Reddy Prasad
Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, College of Applied Sciences, Sohar.
Email: dmrprasad.soh@cas.edu.om

Analytical Chemistry as an Interdisciplinary Science. Role of analytical chemistry in the field of organic chemistry, environmental sciences, physical sciences and biological sciences

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Separation methods in analytical chemistry

• Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry

• Monitoring of environmental carcinogens, pesticides and Pharmaceutical residues

Chief Guest Editor

Vaneet Kumar Sharma
Novartis Vaccines, Holly Springs, NC
Email: Vaneet.sharma@novartis.com

Applied Microbiology covers research and applications in microbiology relevant to the present context.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Bacteriology

• Virology

• Mycovirus

• Microbial biotechnology

Chief Guest Editor

Thulasi Pillai
Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur
Email: thulasigpilla@yahoo.co.in

Heat transfer at nanoscale, e.g., temperature distribution in graphene and carbon nanotube, and at microscale, e.g., thermal transport in micro-reactors, has drawn great interest in recent years. Fundamental understanding of the underlined mechanisms of heat transfer at such small scales is the prerequisite to the efficient utilization of the associated characteristics. However, due to the intrinsic challenges in theoretical and experimental approaches, numerical simulation has played an indispensable role in the scientific study of heat transfer at nano- and microscale. The advantages of numerical simulation over theoretical and experimental approaches are, e.g., precise system control, non-intrusive quantity measurement, and cost-effective. The special issue aims to foster the development and application of numerical simulation for nano- and microscale heat transfer. Papers submitted to this special issue are expected to advance the state of the art of numerical simulation for nano- and microscale heat transfer.

We invite authors to submit original research and review papers on the numerical simulation of nano- and microscale heat transfer from all aspects. Research areas of nano-scale and microscale heat transfer within the scope of (but not limited to) material science, fluid mechanics, biology, energy, etc., are all welcome.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. Development and verification of numerical methods for nano- and microscale heat transfer, such as quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics, dissipative dynamics, direct simulation Monte Carlo, and lattice Boltzmann method, etc.

• 2. Computer realization and algorithm optimization of the numerical methods for nano- and microscale heat transfer.

• 3. Physical characterization and mechanism interpretation of the nano- and microscale heat transfer by numerical simulation.

• 4. Multi-scale coupling of different methods.

• 5. High performance computing of nano- and microscale heat transfer.

Chief Guest Editor

Jingchao Zhang
Holland Computing Center, University of Nebraska Lincoln, United States
Email: zhang@unl.edu

Guest Editor

Qingang Xiong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, United States
Email: xiong@iastate.edu

Soils and waters are interrelated compartments of the environment that are particularly easy to compromise, sensitive to short- and long-term pollution and directly affect sustainability of ecosystems and human health. Routine human activity such as application of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and forestry, or wet and dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants emitted from industrial plants, waste disposal and other practices adversely affect soil and water quality that already increasingly suffers from mismanagement in many areas. The presence of contaminated sites is significant and documented in different part of the world particularly in Europe and Italy. In the Member States of the European Environment Agency (EEA) there are approximately 250,000 sites awaiting remediation, thousands of which in Italy, and 57 of which are defined “remediation sites of national interest” (SNI) due to the degree of environmental contamination, the health risk and the social alarm (Ministerial Decree 471/1999).

The objective of this special issue is to summarize and critically assess the current status and the pollution trends in these SNI as well as to display applied methodologies of control and remediation of these polluted area. The priority goal is to contribute to the improving maintenance of ecosystems, and specifically to summarize and add to information on how best to protect our soils and waters, prevent movement and mobilization of pollutants and how to enhance their degradation and/or immobilization. In addition, geographical epidemiological studies will be welcome in order to analyse the impact on health of these polluted sites.

The special issue is addressed to the wide range of professionals and decision-makers involved in the soil and water pollution monitoring, prevention and remediation issues, as well as to academic teachers and university students. We welcome contributions, theoretical and applied methodologies of prevention, risk assessment, control and remediation.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Soil, and water pollutants

• Biomonitoring and adverse human health effects

• Environmental epidemiology

• Environmental toxicology

• Fate and behavior of anthropogenic pollutants in soils and water

• Environmental risk management, and public health

• Water and soil monitoring

• Remediation of contaminated sites

• Geochemical maps realization

• Novel physico-chemical techniques of soil and water protection and remediation

• Advances in chemical and biological techniques for environmental monitoring and predicting, as well as new techniques, systems and methods for pollutant analysis

Chief Guest Editor

Claudia Belviso
Institute of Advanced Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) - Italian National Research Council (CNR)
Email: claudia.belviso@imaa.cnr.it

Guest Editor

Maria Luigia Giannossi
Institute of Advanced Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) - Italian National Research Council (CNR)
Email: marialuigia.giannossi@imaa.cr.it

1-Publication of non-conventional scientific research papers in the field of building materials.

2-Publication of non-conventional scientific research papers in the field of Admixtures in the field of building materials.

3-Publication of scientific research papers in the field of biomaterials and Nanotecknology.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• All types of cements, mortars and concretes.

• Gypsum, lime and all types of building bricks.

• Ceramics, bioceramics and advanced ceramics.

• Refractories and Refractory cements.

• Biomaterials and nanotechnology.

• All types of Polymers

• Nanomaterials and nanotechnology

• Engineering and materials Sciences

• Environmental and Applied Sciences

Chief Guest Editor

Hassan H. M. Darweesh
Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department. National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Email: Hassandarweesh2000@yahoo.com

Animal models in medical research and clinical surgery training are known for several purposes such as searching on drugs, therapeutic methods, epidemiologic problems and physiologic diseases. In the field of behavioral sciences, neuropsychologists and experimental psychologists use animal models to assessment behavior as the ultimate outcome of fundamental process of cognition. Animal behaviors can provide critical insights into the functional basis of psychologic disorders and therapeutic interventions. This special issue is aimed to consider the scientific researches in animal models about cognitive process. Some behavioral testing paradigms such as water maze, running wheel, open field behavior, beam walking et. are proposed to assessment of learning, memory and other cognitive functions and can be used for specific purposes in experimental approaches.

On the other hand select of animal models depends on the aims of research. Rats and mice are the most popular laboratory animals in experimental psychology whereas wide variety of species including dogs, cats, rabbits, apes, chicks, fish and some kinds of birds like finch are other animal models in experimental researches of psychology. Because of crucial role of cognitive basis of behaviors, this special issue will be focused on cognition in animal models.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Learning and memory in animal models

• Lesions, Brain surgery and cognition in animal models

• Drugs and cognition in animal models

• Cognitive maps

• Social cognition

• New laboratory methods for assessing cognition in animals

• Selective attention in animal learning

• Animal communication

• Perceptual discrimination in animals

• Discrimination and reversal learning in animals

• Retrieval of memory in animals

• Episodic memory in animals

• Representation in animal memory

• Associative memory in animal models

• Avoidance, punishment, and Fear in animals

• Complex learning in animal models

• Contextual cues and memory retrieval in animals

• Visual memory capacity in animals

Chief Guest Editor

Elham Foroozandeh
Isfahan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Email: Elham_for@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Karim Asgari Mobarake
University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Email: Asgari_ir@yahoo.com

This is a Special Issue on Philosophy of Education. The American Journal of Educational Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that provides publication of articles in all areas of educational research. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various issues on philosophy of education. There are different philosophical approaches in the contemporary perspectives of the education. We aim to bring philosophical contributions on different areas of educational research, like distance education, educational technology, educational foundations, history education, language education, mathematics education, reading education, science education, educational psychology, educational evaluation, academic counseling, education policy, teacher education and others cross-disciplinary areas of education.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Philosophy of Education

• Distance Education

• Educational Technology

• Educational Foundations

• History Education

• Language Education

• Mathematics Education

• Reading Education

• Science Education

• Educational Psychology

• Educational Measurement and Evaluation

• Elementary Education

• Secondary Education

• Higher Education

• Academic Advising and Counseling

• Education Policy and Leadership

• Social Studies Education

• Teacher Education

• Cross-disciplinary areas of Education

Chief Guest Editor

Carlos E. de C. Vargas
Pontifical Catholic University of Parana
Email: sammler@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Cleverson L. Bastos
Pontifical Catholic University of Parana
Email: leite.bastos@pucpr.br

Gustavo L. Gava
Positivo University
Email: gustavoluizgava@hotmail.com

There is an emerging consensus that elevated levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in naturally occurring regulatory T (nTreg) cells may play a key role in nTreg-cell-mediated suppression. During suppression nTreg cells unable to flux Ca²⁺ upon T cell receptor (TCR) engagement harbor high ‘supraphysiological’ levels of intracellular cAMP by direct binding of Foxp3 to the phosphodiesterase 3b (Pde3b) gene along with downregulation of miR-142-3p, which silences adenylyl cyclase (ADCY9) mRNA also leading to upregulated cAMP production in nTreg cells. Upon contact elevated cAMP levels in nTreg cells are transferred to activated conventional CD4⁺ T cells (Tcons) via cell contact dependent gap junction intercellular communications (GJIC). Various cell types including T cells may have GJIC formed by Cx43/ZO-1/Ezrin/Protein kinase A (PKA) supramolecular complex where ezrin targeted PKA by phosphorylation of Cx43 controls its opening and closing. However, cAMP increase in inducible Tregs (iTregs) or Tcons could be also receptor-mediated and is operated by various agonists such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), adenosine, histamine, serotonine, or adrenergic stimulation, and/or using agonists recognizing CD39/CD73 receptors. Furthermore, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) such as PDE3b can modulate cAMP both on the nTreg as well as Tcon side by exploiting proximal PKA-Csk pathway. Thus, cAMP-dependent signaling can trigger multifaceted molecular mechanisms acting directly as well as indirectly on transcriptional attenuation of interleukin – 2 (IL-2) synthesis in T cons. These events affect interplay of cAMP and nuclear function of a potent transcriptional inhibitor, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and its suppression of nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-mediated synthesis of IL-2. In addition to its suppressive effects mediated via ICER, cAMP can also modulate the levels of surface-expressed cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and its cognate B7 ligands on Tcons and/or antigen presenting cells (APCs), fine-tuning suppression. Thus, this Research Topic is focused on articles that can shed some new light on the cAMP-mediated mechanisms responsible for nTreg-mediated immunosuppression of IL-2 synthesis.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• CD4+ T cells

• Regulatory T (Treg) cells

• Gene regulation

• Costimulatory Molecules

• Signal transduction

Chief Guest Editor

Josef Bodor
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, EU Centre of Excellence
Email: josef.bodor@biomed.cas.cz

The purpose is to provide research on cutting edge healthcare procedures and techniques using electronic technologies that are purposeful, symbiotic and building a relationship with underserved (rural) communities. ELearning and eTraining are new trends clinicians and allied medical professionals are using for life-saving, recovery and prevention of harm. Rural communities and developing countries struggle to find the financial resources or abilities to provide continual education to healthcare professionals. This issue will explore the important ways in which eLearning is becoming useful developing partnerships with medical professionals in communities seeking current healthcare knowledge, competencies, and techniques for underserved populations. The issue is ideal for those with interesting research, case studies or viewpoints papers covering the perspectives on eLearning healthcare techniques and sharing with faculty and scholars. It will cover teaching-centered methods using electronic technologies for healthcare topics as neonatal resuscitation, first-aid techniques and a wide-range of perspectives. Submissions should reflect cost-beneficial, harm-preventing and life-saving healthcare eLearning and eTraining methods and evaluations that target underserved and rural communities such as cross-border peer-to-peer trainings, and other trends that are useful, integrated and building collaborative relationships with indigenous populations.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

Categories:
• Research paper
• Technical paper
• Conceptual paper
• Case study
• Literature review

Core Topics :
1. Peer-to-peer teaching medical techniques to rural populations
2. Clinicians eLearning and midwifery
3. Clinicians teaching first-aid techniques using eLearning in developing or rural areas
4. ELearning and medical education (increasing competency based knowledge and continuing education among doctors, nurses) to help underserved populations
5. ELearning and allied health professions (increasing competency based knowledge and continuing education amongst allied health professionals) to help underserved populations
6. Policy issues and eLearning healthcare problems and opportunities in rural areas
7. Technology issues and expanding eLearning and eTraining for healthcare professionals
8. Other

Chief Guest Editor

Kimberley Garth-James
Program Director & Scholar
Email: Kimberley.garth-james@columbiasouthern.edu

Guest Editor

Joseph L. Francom
IT Professor at Dixie College
Email: Francom@dixie.edu

Brina Hollis
Program Director Healthcare
Email: Brina.Hollis@columbiasouthern.edu

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens, against factors of coagulation system and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The prevalence varies between 12 and 50 cases per 100 000, as it is higher in USA compared with Europe and differs in different ethnic groups. There is a female predominance with female to male ratio 9-10:1 and peak age of onset among young women between late teens and the age of 40. These age-related differences are associated with hormonal changes. No single cause of SLE is identified, but a number of aetiologic factors has been noticed to cause SLE exacerbations such as sun light and drugs. Sunlight is the most obvious environmental factor, that may cause SLE flare not only as a skin lesions at sun-exposed areas, but also immunologic and visceral activation. SLE is a disease of women in child-bearing age and there are data about SLE exacerbation during exogenous oestrogen intake.

SLE is sometimes called the “great imitator” because of its wide variety of symptoms, which may mimick a number of other pathologic conditions. It may present with constitutional symptoms (e. g., fever, hair loss, lymphadenopathy etc.) as well as with organ involvement; skin, joint, kidney, vascular, kidney and central nervous system pathology being the most common. Complications in SLE are caused by the disease itself and also by the treatment. The main complications, which are also main causes of mortality in SLE are infections, premature atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, corticosteroid induced disorders (diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, avascular bone necrosis), malignancies. Proper interpretation of the signs of the disease activity and its complications is still a challenge for practising physicians.

The treatment of SLE is adjusted according to the clinical form of the disease and the disease activity and includes corticosteroids at different dose, including pulse therapy; antimalarial drugs, immunosuppressants, etc. Currently, administration of biologic drugs in SLE patients marks a new era in the modern rheumatology. The monoclonal antibody belimumab, a B-lymphocyte stimulator–specific inhibitor has been found to reduce disease activity and possibly decrease the number of severe flares and steroid use in patients with SLE when used in combination with standard therapy. B-cell depletion with rituximab has been used successfully for rheumatoid arthritis, but studies have shown contradictory results for the treatment of SLE.

Of note, some non-pharmacological treatments such as plasma exchange are still underused due to the insufficient data from controlled studies.

Affecting most commonly women at child-bearing age, the management of SLE during pregnancy poses particular challenge to the rheumatologists.

Based on these data and the personal experience of the authors, the intention of this proposal for a special issue of American Journal of Medicine Studies is to discuss some specific clinical aspects of the disease, to analyse the recent advances in the treatment as well as some more specific issues such as the application of plasma exchange and management of pregnant SLE patients. This up-to-date collection of practical issues will provide summarized knowledge about challenging clinical aspects of SLE and its treatment and will underline topics for further research.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Specific clinical aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus

• Biologic therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus

• Plasma exchange in systemic lupus erythematosus

• Pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus

Chief Guest Editor

Sevdalina Lambova
Medical University Plovdiv, Department for Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Rheumatology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Email: sevdalina_n@abv.bg

In this special issue, we invite scientists working in the wastewater treatment research areas to submit original research articles as well as review articles which discuss the recent developments in either biological processes and artificial or solar light assisted AOPs (Advanced oxidation processes ) for wastewater treatment and reuse.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Use of Advanced oxidation processes and nanotechnologies for water treatment

• Semiconductor photocatalysis

• Nanomaterial use for water purification

• Solar energy utilization for wastewater treatment

• Biological treatment of wastewaters

• Advanced treatment of water by adsorption

• Wastewater characterization for treatment

• Biological treatment of wastewaters

• Reuse of wastewaters

• Disinfection and disinfection by-products

Chief Guest Editor

Tassalit Djilali
Unité de développent des équipements solaires UDES/ EPST Centre de développement des énergies renouvelables CDER-Algeria
Email: Tassalit2003@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Nadia Chekir
Unité de développent des équipements solaires UDES/ EPST Centre de développement des énergies renouvelables CDER-Algeria
Email: nchekir@yahoo.fr

Benhabiles Ouassila
Ecole nationale Polytechnique – Algier’s Algeria
Email: Benhabiles.Ouassila@gmail.com

Oral biology plays an important role in determining the overall health of a person. As the field of Oral Biology, overlaps basic medical sciences and Clinical dentistry, articles pertaining to biomedical, behavioral and clinical fields of dentistry are given the primary importance, in this journal. This Journal welcomes scientific articles related to Dental Microbiology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Genetics, Immunology, in addition to other disciplines of dentistry.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Dental Microbiology

• Biochemistry

• Biophysics

• Genetics

• Immunology & other disciplines of dentistry.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. M.N. Prabhu
PIDC, Malaysia
Email: prabhumds@rediffmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. J. Sabarinathan
PIDC, Malaysia
Email: orthosat@gmail.com

Dr. Sivaram. S
PIDC, Malaysia
Email: drshiv1984@gmail.com

Dr. Gautham. S
PIDC, Malaysia
Email: gautham_5581@rediffmail.com

To investigate the efficacy of herbal, dietary, complementary, and natural therapies in prevention and treatment of viral infection. Respiratory viruses are a major cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms in children and adults, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality each year. Several herbal therapies were used for prevention and treatment viral respiratory illnesses. There is scientific evidence about several complementary health practices for colds. Zinc taken orally (by mouth) may reduce the length and severity of a cold. For most people, taking vitamin C supplements on a regular basis only slightly reduces the length and severity of colds and does not reduce the number of colds that they catch. Probiotics were found better than placebo in reducing the number of participants experiencing episodes of acute URTIs, the rate ratio of episodes of acute URTI and reducing antibiotic use. This indicates that probiotics may be more beneficial than placebo for preventing acute URTIs. Diarrhea associated with rotavirus is one of the major gastrointestinal problems faced by human infants. The protective effectiveness of probiotic feeding against naturally acquired diarrhea is also under investigation. Alkanization of blood by diet or naturally may prevent or cure influenza. Disintegration of influenza A, B and C virion appeared to depend on pH level of the medium. Diet and drinking water play important role in the pH level of blood. In a slightly alkaline environment viruses might be weakened or do not multiply efficiently. Immune function may work better in alkaline medium as well. Earthing is another natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant source for human body. It is now accepted that an overwhelming inflammatory response is the cause of human deaths from avian H5N1 influenza infection. Earthing accelerated immune response following vaccination, as demonstrated by increases of gamma globulin concentration.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. Prevention and treatment of viral infection

• 2. Effect of blood alkanization on viral infection

Chief Guest Editor

Haider Abdul-Lateef Mousa
College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Iraq
Email: haideramousa@hotmail.com

The special issue on the Advancements in Agriculture in the Tropics aims to highlight research geared towards the improvement of agricultural techniques and practices in the tropics. Presently, the environment is continuously changing and the impact on agriculture is enormous. This therefore, creates a situation whereby, greater research in agriculture is needed to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of those changes. Increased production and productivity in tropical agriculture can only be attained through pointed and customized research.

High quality papers that are related to agriculture, agro-biotechnology, the impact of the environment on agriculture, crop and livestock development, livestock nutrition and pharmaceuticals, novel treatment and epidemiology of zoonotics are encouraged for publication.

This special issue welcomes the following contributions:
• Full research papers: with observations and results from scientific investigations
• Review papers: with critical reviews of subjects and topics included.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Crop science and agronomy

• Agro-biotechnology

• Soil and water management

• Plant health

• Agricultural Microbiology

• Livestock development

• Climate change

• Climate Smart Agriculture

• Pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of natural / indigenous herbs

• Alternative livestock feed

• Veterinary Public Health and Preventative Medicine

Chief Guest Editor

Taletha Laudat
Research Agronomist, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry
Email: Soil3@msn.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Reginald Thomas
Chief veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry
Email: forestvet@gmail.com

Henie Parillon
Science Educator, Newark Public Schools
Email: heniep@gmail.com, hparillon@nps.k12.nj.us

The objective of this paper is to construe a writing which pinpoints one of the most prevailing but overlooked psychological condition i.e. Writer’s block. The condition is associated with a shrinkage or failure of the ability to assemble, to instigate or to conclude one’s own writing. Along with the elucidation of main argument a correlation in between the psychological and the physiological inducement of the condition is discussed to reveal the effect one is bound to induce on the other.

Among the tabulation of psychological incitement of the condition the most dominant appears to be the uncertainty, self perfectionism, hypersensitivity or insensitivity to one’s surroundings and innumerable influence of ideas or dearth of any ideological influence are the most frequently observed which on analysis are subjected to be the aftermath of extreme behavior entirely and follows the most inhibitory behavior to writing that is found to be stress. The interconnection among the psychological and physiological aspects is expected to be the term “stress” which is the most dominant facilitator of the stress hormone “Cortisol.” The high levels of Cortisol consequently produce the two mentally disastrous effects i.e. depression and sometimes psychotic behavior while on physiological side extreme fatigue is produced. These effects commingle to block the mental ability of a person to bring about initiative ideas. Along with the endocrine system aspect the nervous system is also affected by the anxiety attacks as the increased panic levels in the brain is found to switch the control to limbic system and eventually hinders the cerebral cortex activity which is the focal point of one’s creative activity. (Flaherty, 2004). This interrelationship between the psychological and physiological factors ultimately results in block condition of writing.

By the end of the paper specific strategies in order to exercise the mind as well as to maintain the physiological level of hormones are also discussed so that one may find the condition of this mental blockage competently treatable.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• ESL/EFL/ELT

• Psychology

• Vocabulary

• Applied Linguistics

Chief Guest Editor

Mehwish Fatima
University of Karachi
Email: Mehwish20@live.com

Periodontal medicine is a term used for different purposes in different parts of the world. In certain countries, it relates to the study of the dynamic relationship between periodontitis and systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, pre-term labor and low-birth-weight bodies, Diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and disorders of respiratory tract. Such studies investigate the peripheral impacts of periodontal inflammation on systemic health and also the influence of systemic diseases on the progression of chronic periodontitis such as type II Diabetes mellitus, where evidence exists for a bi-directional relationship with periodontitis.

The special issue will intend to focus on current diagnostic methodologies and management of association between periodontal disease and systemic disorders/diseases.

The Journal will publish original research papers, review articles, technical notes, case reports, and letters to the editor in subjects relating to clinical practice and research into the main fields of interest of the publication.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. Oral diseases

• 2. Periodontal disease

• 3. Cardiovascular diseases

• 4. Neurology (stoke, cerebral insult)

• 5. Respiratory diseases

• 6. Endocrinology (Diabetes mellitus, hypo and hyperthyroidism)

• 7. Gynecology (preterm birth and low weight infants)

• 8. Rheumatology (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis)

• 9. Oral cancers

Chief Guest Editor

Ana Pejcic
University of Nis, Serbia
Email: dranapejcic@hotmail.com

Guest Editor

Preetinder Singh
SDD Hospital & Dental College, India
Email: drpreetinder@yahoo.com

Ana Pucar
University of Belgrade, Serbia

Modelling, simulation and computational optimization form an integrated part of modern design practice in science and technology. For any design and modelling purpose, the ultimate aim is to gain sufficient insight into the system of interest so as to provide more accurate predictions and better designs. As resources are limited in every field, to minimize the cost and energy consumption, and to maximize the performance, profits and efficiency can be crucially important in all designs. The stringent requirements of minimizing environmental impact and carbon footprint require a paradigm shift in scientific thinking and design practice. However, real-world problems are usually far more complex than models can capture and far more nonlinear than optimization tools can handle; consequently, approximations are necessity as well as a practical possibility. Most design optimization typically involves uncertainty in material properties and parameters. In this case, optimal design does not necessarily mean robust. In fact, we often have to settle for the robust, suboptimal design options. After all, we wish to solve our design and modelling problems with sufficiently good accuracy assuming reasonable time expenditures.

Modelling and simulation is getting information about how something will behave without actually testing it in real life. For instance, if we wanted to design a race car, but weren't sure what type of spoiler would improve traction the most, we would be able to use a computer simulation of the car to estimate the effect of different spoiler shapes on the coefficient of friction in a turn. We're getting useful insights about different decisions we could make for the car without actually building the car.

More generally, modeling and simulation is using models, including emulators, prototypes and stimulators, either statically or over time, to develop data as a basis for making managerial or technical decisions. The terms "modeling" and "simulation" are often used interchangeably. The use of modeling and simulation in all emerging areas of science and engineering is well recognized. Simulation technology belongs to the tool set of engineers of all application domains and has been included in the body of knowledge of engineering management. M & S has already helped to reduce costs, increase the quality of products and systems, and document and archive lessons learned. M & S is a discipline on its own. Its many application domains often lead to the assumption that M & S is pure application. This is not the case and needs to be recognized by engineering management experts who want to use M & S. To ensure that the results of simulation are applicable to the real world, the engineering manager must understand the assumptions, conceptualizations, and implementation constraints of this emerging field.

Despite of significant progress in the field of modelling, simulation and computational optimization during the last few decades, many challenging issues still remain unresolved. Challenges may be related to various aspects and depend on many intertwined factors. In the current context, such challenges are related to nonlinearity, scale of the problem, time constraint and the complexity of the system. First, many problems are highly nonlinear, and thus their objective landscapes are multimodal. Consequently, multiple optima may be present. Many traditional algorithms do not cope well with such high multimodality. This necessitates new techniques to be developed. Second, many real-world problems may be very large-scale, though most optimization methods are tested over small-scale problems. Third, by far the most important factor concerning the solution process is the time constraint. Solutions have to be obtained within a reasonably time, ideally instantaneously in many applications, which poses additional challenges. Finally, the systems we try to model are usually very complex; however, we often use over-simpli

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Linear and nonlinear Programming

• Integer Programming

• Goal Programming

• Quadratic Programming and Related Topics

• Model Analysis

• Multi-objective Optimization

• Network Optimization

• Inventory Control

• Queueing control

• Non-differentiable Optimization

• Non-differentiable Optimization

• Operations Research

• Optimal design and Control

• Parallel Optimization Algorithms

• Artificial Intelligence

• Fractional Programming

• General Constrained Optimization

• Stochastic Optimization

• Systems for Optimization

• Reliability Engineering

• Simulation and optimization models in emerging areas of Engineering & Technology

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Vishwa Nath Maurya
The University of Fiji, Fiji
U.P. Technical University, Lucknow, India
Email: prof.drvnmaurya@gmail.com, prof_vnmaurya@yahoo.in

Guest Editor

Prof. Ram Bilas Misra
State University of New York, Republic of Korea
Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, U.P. India
Email: misrarb1@rediffmail.com

Prof. Bijay Singh
Punjab Agricultural University, India
Email: bijaysingh20@hotmail.com

Prof. Chandra K. Jaggi
University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Email: ckjaggi@yahoo.com

Er. Avadhesh Kumar Maurya
Gautam Buddha Technical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
Email: avadheshmaurya09@gmail.com

Contribute to the good management of environmental, in context of major project by sharing experiences.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Management of social insertion of major project.

• The understanding of mechanisms of surveillance and environmental monitoring in context of major project.

• Analysis of making Environmental Impact Assessment.

Chief Guest Editor

Olivier Kamdoum
University of Yaounde I
Email: kamdoumolivier@yahoo.fr

The objectives of modeling of physical sciences are to establish an excellent platform for discussion and communication between applied mathematicians, mathematical and numerical modelers, in academic and research institutions, and industry. The discipline of computational bioscience, like the field of genomics, is in its infancy. For instance, the functions of most of the human genome remain a mystery, and the existing models for computational genomics are insufficient to shift paradigms of biological interpretation. The current generation of bioinformaticians and molecular biologists will map the elements of the genome and make scientific discoveries to enable the diagnosis and management of human diseases, perhaps even curing many of the ills of mankind. It strives to promote the development of effective algorithms, mathematical models, optimization techniques and their applications in real-world problems with demonstrated capability and efficiency in cross-disciplinary and industrial applications. The focuses on issues related to the design, development and implementation of new methodologies and technologies which aim to achieve medical field and systems sciences.

While the unifying aspect of the special issues was its adherence to quantitative models, it sought diversity by being concerned with a variety of disciplines, including engineering, biological, medical, and other sciences. Both theoretical and applied works which employ mathematical and computer modeling was considered for publication. Papers dealing with experiments were considered when the results were presented as an integral part of the modeling process.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Mathematical models

• Boimathematical modeling

• CFD , Biomechanical system

• Simulation

• Arterial model

Chief Guest Editor

Dr Anil Kumar
Applied Mathematics, UP Technical University, India
Email: dranilkumar73@rediffmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr C. L. Varshney
Shri Varshneya College Aligarh UP India
Email: drclvarshney09@gmail.com

DR V. K. Katiyar
Mathematics IIT Roorkee
Email: vkfma@gmail.cosm

Penrose and Hameroff have proposed an idea that the brain can attain high efficient quantum computation by functioning of microtubular structure of neurons in the cytoskelton of biological cells, including neurons of the brain. They have considered that the human brain is superior to conventional silicon processors. From the standpoint of quantum physics, the latest researches have presented many theories which show the extraordinary capability of brain functions, that lead to the possibility to realize the hyper computational system beyond the Turing machine, the mind-brain interface and nano-size robots with nano-brain architecture. In this sense, the true understanding of brain function, from both a theoretical and experimental point of view, is a very important theme of computer science which might lead to the true understanding of the problems of human consciousness and long-range biological coherence between living systems observed in a natural world. Recent researches also show the fundamental role that quantum vacuum plays in the physiology of living organisms and transmission of information, in particular as regards as brain functions and consciousness. The aim of this special issue it to explore and discuss the most novel and recent theoretical and experimental development about the subject of hyper computation, brain mechanism and the problem of consciousness; to review, comparing and contrasting different points of view; to propose and develop new approaches of scientific research, rapidly and effectively exchanging perspectives and to encourage new lines of research, possibility stimulating the interest of the new generation of researchers in this field.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Quantum computation in the brain

• Possibility to achieve nano-brain architecture and brain-like computers

• Possibility of hyper computational system

• Superluminal motion and the speed of spooky action at distance

• The origin of consciousness from the standpoint of quantum physics and the role of quantum vacuum

• Coherence between living systems via ZPF field and quantum vacuum dynamics

• Other related topics.

Chief Guest Editor

Takaaki Musha
Advanced Science-Technology Research Organization
Email: takaaki.mushya@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Luigi M. Caligiuri
Foundation of Physics Research Center and University of Calabria
Email: max.caligiuri@gmail.com

A. Bandyopadhyay
Institute of Medical and Engineering Science, MIT
Email: anirban.bandyo@gmail.com

Fundamental mathematics and statistics are used by the great majority of the workforce, without their thinking of themselves in any way as mathematicians or statisticians. Recent study of Massey University estimated that more than 85% of the New Zealand work force is involved in simple forms of measurement and estimation, more than 67% is involved in some form of data collection and interpretation, and over 50% is responsible for some form of inventory or money management. Similar data can be found in other Asian, European and African countries of the world. Usually, the mathematical activity is restricted to well-defined tasks - computations, measurements, plotting and interpretation of simple graphs - carried out on a routine basis, without the person doing the work being able easily to modify their task in response to changing circumstances. Most of the tasks would be within the scope of the regular school programme. There is then a very wide spectrum of mathematical tasks embedded into different professional fields, for example, finance and accounting, engineering science and architecture technology, business and management, agriculture, medicine, physical, biological and social sciences, etc. Almost universally, the computations for these tasks are no longer handled manually, but are coded into different types of software - spreadsheets, statistical packages, purpose-built packages for computer-aided design, inventory control, forecasting etc. The mathematical skills are required not in operating the computer terminal, but in interpreting the output, checking that requirements on input data are properly satisfied, understanding the things that can go wrong, adapting the use of the software to the particular requirements of the problem at hand. At the less mathematical end of the spectrum, the persons undertaking these tasks may not be easily able updating the procedures they use to cope with new or changing circumstances. At the more mathematical end, the persons may spend much of their time developing such modifications or guiding and advising less confident staff. As in any professional task in the field of medical science, agricultural science, engineering science and technology, the value and quality of the service provided depends greatly on the quality of the evaluator/estimator and the perspective they are able to bring to the problem as a result of their background knowledge and experience. In this respect, the mathematical training of the staff concerned may vary from, at the lower end, a university service course on basic mathematics or statistics, topped up by specific applications courses in the subject area, to, at the upper end, a full masters degree or higher in one of the mathematical sciences.

Finally, there is a logical consistency in which virtually all major scientific and technological advances have required appropriate mathematical tools or theories for their development. At some stage, these tools or theories were themselves the subject of independent mathematical research.

It is highly expected that the information and exploration of significant results gained through the present special issue will contribute to the world economy, and the following factors likely to affect their role in the future:

• The most important role of mathematics is in underpinning almost all activities in a modern society of science & technology. It operates at many levels and extends across all socio-economic sectors.

• To find a high general level of quantitative literacy; care for data quality and integrity in both public and private sectors;

• To find adequate mathematical expertise available for proper advice and interpretation of quantitative software, and the development, interpretation, and application of quantitative models;

• To recognize that proper uses of computer software and packages for complex or high-consequence analyses requires sound professional kn

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• • Probability Theory and Statistics

• • Statistical Inference

• • Population Studies

• • Statistical Survey and Sampling Techniques

• • Pure and Applied Mathematics

• • Mathematical Physics

• • Differential Geometry

• • Mathematical and Statistical Methods

• • Modeling and Simulation Techniques

• • Optimization Techniques

• • Linear and nonlinear Programming

• • Integer Programming

• • Goal Programming

• • Quadratic Programming and Related Topics

• • Multi-objective Optimization

• • Network Optimization

• • Inventory Control

• • Supply Chain Management

• • Queueing control

• • Non-differentiable Optimization

• • Operations Research

• • Optimal design and Control

• • Parallel Optimization Algorithms

• • Artificial Intelligence

• • Fractional Programming

• • General Constrained Optimization

• • Stochastic Optimization

• • Systems for Optimization

• • Reliability Analysis

• • Fuzzy Logic

• • Basic and Advanced Computing

• • Computer Science & Engineering

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Vishwa Nath Maurya
The University of Fiji, Fiji
Technical University, India
Email: prof.drvnmaurya@gmail.com, prof_vnmaurya@yahoo.in

Guest Editor

Prof. Ram Bilas Misra
State University of New York, Republic of Korea
Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, U.P. India
Email: misrarb1@rediffmail.com

Prof. Bijay Singh
Punjab Agricultural University, India
Email: bijaysingh20@hotmail.com

Prof. Chandra K. Jaggi
University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Email: ckjaggi@yahoo.com

Avadhesh Kumar Maurya
Gautam Buddha Technical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
Email: avadheshmaurya09@gmail.com

Solving of system of linear equations often occur in a wide variety of area, including numerical differential equations, eigenvalue problems, economics models , design and computer analysis of circuits, power system networks, chemical engineering processes, physical and biological sciences. Therefore, it is important to solve these systems rapidly and accurately. There are various algorithms for solving such problems. Depending on the nature of the problem to be solved, these algorithms may not demonstrate sufficient performance or they may not even be able to find a numeric solution. In practice, therefore, it is necessary to provide some guidelines for selecting the most suitable algorithm to employ and propose some new efficient methods. We invite authors to submit original research articles as well as review articles on the latest and significant methods of numerical linear algebra for solving of system of linear equations.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Direct Methods for Linear Systems.

• Iterative Methods for Linear Systems.

• Preconditioning Models for Linear Systems.

• Parallel computations for Linear Systems.

• Block computations for Linear Systems.

• Fuzzy Linear Systems.

• Solution of Saddle Point Problems.

• Solution of Least Squares Problems.

• Solution of system of Algebraic Equations.

• Solution of Gene Rank Problems.

• Applications of linear Systems in integral Equations.

• Applications of linear Systems in Deferential Equations (ODE, PDE, DAE, PDAE, etc).

Chief Guest Editor

S.A. Edalatpanah
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Guilan & Islamic Azad University
Email: saedalatpanah@gmail.com

Human body is genetically controlled and environmentally modulated. The aim of the special issue is to establish the foundation for eradication of the invincible factor of the diseases by systematic development of novel mind of coming generation by Spirit wisdom, Devotion, Modern Yoga & Founder Science, Vedas, Puranas and genuine scripture. In very brief human materialistic body is absolutely governed by invincible and invisible causing agents of diseases of Mind beyond DNA. Sincerely, as a philosopher, I like to introduce spirit with great enthusiasm with novel discovery of remedies for eradication of ignorance and its six councilors as Lust, Anger, Greed, Pride, Jealous and Infatuation (http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajbr/2/2/2/). In this, my approach is to introduce the theory of Evenness and motivate the scientists to lamp the light of spiritual wisdom in existing modern science. In this, under pure and limpid state of my mind, I come to conclusion that that maternal mental state is prime important to produce novel thinker. According to definition of basic science Zoology & Social-Science, A Man is a just well develop social animal only. Manipulation in genetic pool is a partially promising tool to eradicate a short of deficiency of diseases. In current scenario of world environment, where utmost people are living under causing a lot of stress, which is the root cause of potential disorder of mind. Anger, those are current picture of maximum woe is beyond the limit of materialistic science. All together, these traits are causing innumerable metal disorders and ultimately reduce human age. There are many more fell diseases, too numerous to mention. The founder science Vedas and religious scriptures described several paths to reduce the above said invincible cause of dangerous mental disorder. In this special issue, I especially along with other colleagues interested to publish the research work from around the globe for public to reduce the invincible factors diseases of mind by spirit, devotion, modern yoga, ayurveda and spiritual wisdom. This approach will definitely lead to enhance humane age by implementing the doctrine of humanity. So that we could reduce the demonic/terrorist activity and ultimately the world will move towards Doctrine, Health & Peace. In very brief, after competition of several successful projects as President, Director, Distinguished Scientist and so many respectable positions, Currently, I am working as Philosopher in the laboratory of Nature at RAMA Center, for eradication of mental and psychological diseases. Thus, I sincerely like welcome, encourage & invite entire novel intellectual scientist, Seers, Saints, Sages, Adepts, Preceptors, Theosophists, Men of Religions and Philosophy to submit their articles to exchange the vision and mission for future science. I consider this will be pure & limpid contribution of scientists for Ultimate Human Welfare (UHW) that is peace.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Spirit

• Devotion

• Spiritual wisdom

• Gnosis

• Modern Yoga

• Mental disorder

• Metempsychosis

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Ravi S. Pandey
RAMA-Prema-Sadan, Belvan Mirzapur UP India
Satya Dham RAMA World center of Truth & Peace India
World Health Piety and Peace Center India
University of Missouri Columbia, USA
Mahima Research Foundation and Social Welfare BHU Varanasi India
Email: dr.rspandey@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Sanjiv K. Bhattacharya
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
BARC Mumbai, India
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
University of Missouri Columbia, USA
Harvard Medical School Boston USA
Satya Dham RAMA World center of Truth & Peace India
Email: Sanjibkumar08@gmail.com

Dr. Birendra K. Singh Rajput
Textile Rubber & Chemical Co India
Dalton, Georgia, USA
Satya Dham RAMA World center of Truth & Peace
Email: birendra.trcc@gmail.com

Ratnesh K. Rao
Mahima Research Foundation and Social Welfare BHU Varanasi India
Email: mrfsw_kvns@yahoo.com

Dr. Prakash Chand Pathania
Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana , Punjab, India
Email: pathaniapc@yahoo.co.in

Dr. Sreenivas Kurkuti
Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
Email: skurukuti@gmail.com

Dr. Anuraag Supakar
RAMA-Prema-Sadan, Belvan Mirzapur India
Email: anuraagsupakar1@yahoo.com

Dr. Shweta Sharma
RAMA-Prema-Sadan, Belvan Mirzapur India
Email: shweta.biochem80@gmail.com

Colleagues & Sub-editor

Sharmila Supakar, Prema Devi, Amaravati, Krishnanada Pandey, Dinkar, Himkar, Madhukar, Puskar, Prabhakar, Divakar, Subhakar, Ratnakar, Anjali, Salilesh, Abhinav, Anshu, Ramalal, Ramabachan, Ramanaresh, Ramapati, Ramadas, Ramachandra, Ramasakal, Ramadas, Baburam, Prabhu Narayan, Lallan, Ganesh, Indradev, Thamilmani, Gowtham

The aim is to highlight issues affecting maternal health with a special focus in developing country. This will go along way addressing Millennium Development Goal Five (5), whose aim is to improve maternal health by reducing maternal mortality ratio by three quarter by 2015 and achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015.

Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. While motherhood is often a positive and fulfilling experience, for too many women it is associated with suffering, ill-health and even death. In Africa health services utilizations are very low, particularly maternal and child health care. Women’s autonomy regarding maternal and child health are important factors in determining health seeking behavior.

Comprehensive and integrated primary maternal health care is a concept that takes into account the complexity of the interaction of physiological, social and psychological factors for maternal health care provision at primary and community level. As such, it offers a solution for addressing maternal health. It can be achieved by taking into account WHO's building blocks for health systems, i.e. appropriate and timely service delivery, a trained health workforce at primary care level, improved health information systems, equitable access to essential medicines and enhanced financing, and effective leadership/governance at national, local, health facility and community levels.

Maternal health is fundamental to achieving global health targets relating to women and children because of its direct and potentially long-term impact on their general well-being and social and economic participation. It also influences women’s care-giving capabilities, which in turn impacts children’s health and development. Addressing maternal health requires comprehensive and holistic models of care in which psychosocial assessment and treatment can be provided through integrated primary health care. Access to simple, reliable and affordable means of identification and management of mental health problems is a basic human right.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Maternal and perinatal health

• Adolescent pregnancy

• Skilled birth attendants

• Midwifery

• Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Strengthening health system for maternal health care services

Chief Guest Editor

Collins Asweto
Capital Medical University of China
Email: aswetocollins@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Prof. Charles Obonyo
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Email: cobonyo@yahoo.com

Dr. Louisa Ndunyu
Maseno University
Email: Indunyu@yahoo.com

To provide a platform for researchers, scientists and academicians to publish their high quality recent research works.

To provide readers’ digest by serving them latest, relevant and up-to-date research in core and focused area.

To serve quality compilation of domain specific research works based on applications pertaining to industry and real-life problems.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Recent works in Instrumentation, Control and Automation for:

• • Agriculture

• • Biomedical Engineering

• • Building Automation

• • Condition Monitoring

• • Critical Structures Health Monitoring

• • DCS, SCADA and PLC

• • Remote Sensing and Monitoring

• • Industrial Process Control

• • Signal Processing

• • Solar Energy and Smart Grid

• • Space Research

• • Smart and Intelligent Transduction

• • VLSI and FPGA

• • Wireless Sensor Networks

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. Jignesh G. Bhatt
Dharmsinh Desai University
Email: jigneshgbhatt@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Omkar K. Jani
Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI)
Email: Omkar.j@germi.res.in

Prof. (Dr.) Vipul A. Shah
Dharmsinh Desai University
Email: Vashahin2010@gmail.com

The aim of this special issue is to present articles to evaluate the beneficial effect of statins on diseases other than dyslipidemia. There is a big controversy in literature when evaluating the pleiotropic effect of statins and many of these studies are done in a small scale which further complicates acquiring correct and clear conclusions. So further studies are helping the scientific community to gain deep understanding of the pleiotropic effect of statins and either opens a new gate for additional indications for statins or close the door for further research in this respect.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Evaluating the effect of statins in different autoimmune diseases

• Evaluating the effect of statins in different inflammatory disorders

• Evaluating anti tumor activity of statins

• Comparing the pleiotropic effects among different statins

Chief Guest Editor

Ehab Mikhael
Baghdad University – College of Pharmacy
Email: ehab_pharma84@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Saad Abdul-Rehman Hussain
Baghdad University – College of Pharmacy
Email: saad_alzaidi@yahoo.com

In the present era, fractional calculus plays an important role in various fields. Fractional Calculus is a field of mathematic study that grows out of the traditional definitions of the calculus integral and derivative operators in much the same way fractional exponents is an outgrowth of exponents with integer value.

Based on the wide applications in engineering and sciences such as physics, mechanics, chemistry, and biology, research on fractional ordinary or partial differential equations and other relative topics is active and extensive around the world. In the past few years, the increase of the subject is witnessed by hundreds of research papers, several monographs, and many international conferences.

This special issue will be a devoted topic to high current interest falling within the scope of the Journal and will attract many papers of the highest quality. The objective of this special issue is to highlight the importance of fractional operators and their applications and let the readers of this journal know about the possibilities of this new tool and to provide a multidisciplinary forum of discussions among scientists who have been interested in investigating diverse branches related to fractional calculus and applying theories of fractional calculus to their diverse research areas. This issue is expected to welcome articles of significant and original results and survey articles of exceptional merit, which are closely related to fractional calculus in either theoretical or applicative sense.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Mathematical analysis of fractional calculus operators,

• Optimization techniques and their applications

• Fractional integral inequalities and their q-analogues

• Various inequalities involving the fractional integral and differential operators and so on

• Mathematical analysis of fractional theoretical models

• New methods for solving fractional differential equations

• Applications of fractional operators, including fractional models

• Controllability of fractional systems of differential equations or numerical methods applied to the solutions of fractional differential equations applications in physics, mechanics, and so forth

• Iteration methods for solving partial and ordinary fractional equations

• Numerical functional analysis and applications

• Local and nonlocal boundary value problems for fractional partial differential equations

• Stochastic partial fractional differential equations and applications

• Computational methods in fractional partial differential equations

• Mathematical and computer modeling

• Applications of fractional calculus to real world problems

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Vishnu Narayan Mishra
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India
Email: v_n_mishra_hifi@yahoo.co.in, vishnu_narayanmishra@yahoo.co.in, srmaase2013@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. Deepmala
Statistical Quality Control and Operations Research (SQC & OR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute
Email: deepmaladm23@gmail.com

Lakshmi Narayan Mishra
National Institute of Technology, India
Email: l_n_mishra@yahoo.co.in

Vandana
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, India
Email: vandana.rsu03@gmail.com

Dr. Manoj Sharma
Department of Mathematics, RJIT, BSF Academy, Tekanpur, Gwalior (M.P.), India
Email: manoj240674@yahoo.co.in

Since ancient times, advances in the development of materials and energy have defined and limited human social, technological and political aspirations. The modern era, with instant global communication and the rising expectations of developing nations, poses energy challenges greater than ever seen before. Energy is the single most valuable resource for human activity and the basis for all human progress. Materials play a key role in enabling technologies that can offer promising solutions to achieve renewable and sustainable energy pathways for the future. Energy Materials covers current research on materials for energy (all aspects of thermal, renewable and nuclear power generation and the transmission and storage of the energy produced). Access to energy is critical to the wealth, lifestyle and self-image of every country.

Driven by the need for renewable energy generation, the last decade has produced a substantial growth of research into a variety of solar cell technologies worldwide. Efficient generation and low cost of ownership present significant challenges for scientists and engineers in the fabrication, characterization and implementation of photovoltaics. Different types of quantum dot nanostructures are actively being developed and offer real opportunities to overcome the obstacles which prevent the widespread uptake of solar cell technology, as well as being of considerable scientific interest. This special issue seeks to highlight recent developments of solar cells encompassing both fundamental and technological advances on materials science and technology related to photovoltaic, photothermal photoelectrochemical, solar energy conversion....... Materials science is taken in the broadest possible sense and encompasses physics, chemistry, optics, materials fabrication and analysis for all types of materials.

This Special Issue covers a large scope of research in material advances energy technologies, and solicits contributions in, but not limited to:

• Materials - advanced characterization techniques High-strength;

• Materials for power electronics;
  
  • Wide band gap semiconductors
  • (SiC, ZnO, diamond, ...)
  • Hard and soft magnetic materials

• Photovoltaic materials and processes;

• Materials - modeling and theoretical aspects;

• Light-induced charge carrier dynamics at nanostructured interfaces;

• Materials for renewable energy storage and conversion;

• Materials for renewable and sustainable fuel production;

• Materials for energy saving;

• Quantum dot intermediate band solar cells;

• Nanocomposites in solar cells

Chief Guest Editor

Said Benramache
Material Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Biskra, Algeria
Email: Saidbenramache07@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Okba Belahssen
Material Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Biskra, Algeria
Email: belahssenokba@gmail.com

The aim of this special issue is to put forth the state-of-the art research outcomes in the area of Production Research for the analysis, design, co-ordination, control of manufacturing and service system operations. Modern production firms witness tremendous pressures while striving to become more innovative in their usage of leading-edge cost reduction paradigms such as cost-driven pricing which is difficult to achieve in the volatile competitive market. The theme of this issue is relatively broader and pervasive in the sense that it includes the analysis of cutting edge and future proof production technology at all levels of production planning and control. The fundamental approach would be seeking for the emerging trends in production research in terms of supply chain dynamics, cost optimization with resource and cost constraints, gaining competitive advantage through operational efficiency, integrated productivity, quality models and their trend analysis, recent developments in production research with the application of quantitative techniques, optimization techniques (through advanced software applications) for managerial decision-making process. Manuscripts that focus on the functional and operational aspects of production research are invited. Studies that investigate emerging practices, concepts and cases related to in-bound production system as well as out-bound production system are also invited. This study will be an extensive framework for integrating multiple disciplines such as Production and Operations Management, Decision Sciences, Operations Research, Supply Chain Management, Logistics and Inventory Management, Total Quality Management, Resource Management, Cost Management and Business Trend analysis. Manuscripts that focus on the operations of other non-manufacturing related service systems will also be considered as long as they demonstrate that these operations are strongly related to manufacturing systems operations in terms of their characteristics and the methodologies used to analyze them.

This special volume of the JBMS on the theme “Emerging Trends in Production Research: Concepts and Cases” aims to present the recent advances in emerging trends in production research with analytical concepts and applications to solve the real life problems to the broader operations management and production research community.

Specific topics of interest include but are not limited to:

• • Production Planning, Management and Control.

• • Design and Optimization of Manufacturing and Service Systems.

• • Analytical Approaches to Maximize Returns on Investment.

• • Planning for Bridging the Widening gap between Demand and Supply.

• • Integrated Productivity and Quality Models and their Analysis.

• • Pricing Mechanisms, Cost Analysis and Performance Measurement for Supply Chain Management.

• • Integrated Logistics and Transportation Models.

• • Designing Inventory Models.

• • Suppliers Selection Strategies.

• • Designing Cost cum Time Effective Distribution Channels.

• • Product Dynamics and Demand Forecasting.

• • Vehicle Routing and Scheduling

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Monalisha Pattnaik
Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Email: monalisha_1977@yahoo.com, monalisha1977@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Er. Gopal Prasad Roy
Support Services and Dam Safety, Govt. of Odisha, Department of Water Resources, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Email: gopal_760@rediffmail.com

Dr. Purmina Nayak
Department of Higher Education, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Email: purnimadas1990@gmail.com

Learner centered approach calls for teaching that focuses on student learning rather than on what the teacher is doing. It changes the focus from what the teacher does to student learning. This means that it is not one specific teaching method. The aim of this special issue is to solicit for papers that will present reviews and scientific findings that determine learner centered approach as a factor in student preparedness in academic achievement. This issue will attract audience from teachers, educators, curriculum experts, students and policy makers.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Learner centered approach in content preparedness.

• Learner centered approach in skill management.

• Teacher-student interaction in learner centered approach.

• Technology integration in learner centered approach.

• Environment as an antidote in learner preparedness.

• Subject preparedness to sustainable learner centered approach.

• Learner characteristics and learner preparedness.

• Models of Learner Centered Approach.

• Research reports on learner preparedness and achievement.

• Systems Approach in learner centered approach.

Chief Guest Editor

Prof.Lazarus Ndiku Makewa
University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, Kenya
Email: ndikul@gmail.com

Representational consistency is a property of mathematical models, such as visual perception, free radical molecules, blood oxygen and more. Diverse applications include optical illusions, breast cancer & female reproduction, bisphenol A, blood oxygen level dependence, functional magnetic resonance, Alzheimer disease, image recovery & reconstruction, rheology and biology. The mathematical methods come from Differential Geometry, Shape Theory, Quantum harmonic oscillator, Non-commutative geometry and index theory. Representational consistency can be used to integrate electro-magnetic and chemical aspects of the nervous system. A diverse range of formulas can be developed for measuring representational consistency, ranging from childishly simple yet powerful formulas to deep and non-trivial.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

Index theory, Shape theory, Optical illusions, Visual perception, breast cancer & female reproduction, bisphenol A, blood oxygen level dependence, functional magnetic resonance, Alzheimer disease, image recovery & reconstruction, rheology and biology

Chief Guest Editor

Burzin Bhavnagri
Monash University, School of mathematical sciences
Email: bhavnagri@alumni.adelaide.edu.au

This special issue aims to present how psychology has been developed in Brazil, in the last years. For that, will be presented the most diverse places where you can apply this type of knowledge. Thoses studies that can be showed in this special one may bring us new thoughts on the scope of psychology.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• clinical psychology;

• clinical cases reports;

• hospital psychology;

• different theories inside psychology;

• Institutional psychology

• Psychossomatics

Chief Guest Editor

Thalita Nobre
Catholic University of Santos, Brazil
Email: thalita_l@yahoo.com.br, thalitaln@gmail.com

Maxillofacial deformities cause unique alteration in oral and craniofacial environment affecting the stomatognathic system. The surgical resections, trauma, congenital defects or developmental deformities of the maxillofacial region surely affect the Quality of Life of patients. Rehabilitation procedures are concerned with the surgical and non surgical correction or restoration/replacement of the components of maxillofacial complex and associated hard and soft tissue structures.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Cleft Lip and Palate

• Maxillofacial Oncosurgery

• Maxillofacial Prosthodontics

• Auricular, Ocular and Nasal defects

• Intraoral rehabilitation

• Esthetic Treatment of Maxillofacial region

Chief Guest Editor

Prof. (Dr) Manu Rathee
Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Email: ratheemanu@gmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr Amit Kumar Tamrakar
Jamia Milia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
Email: tamrakar.dr@gmail.com

Dr Shefali Singla
Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
Email: Shefali_singla@yahoo.com

The investigation of labor market and employment problems has a protracted history and still remains to be the problem under study. Such a stable attention toward the labor market and employment sphere problems can be explained by numerous of factors, some of which have a long-living history and some of which come on or show themselves or become a subject of re-examination and new commitment along the society development process. So, each stage of economic and social development and each stage of scientific progress calls to some kind of a particular approaches toward the labor market issues.

The Special Issue “Labor Market: the actual problems of theory and practice” aims to define what problems face labor market today and find the ways for their overcoming; to determine the new approaches for Labor Market investigation and allow for discussion on current issues of Labor Market theory and practice.

The objectives of Special Issue are Labor Market actors – employers, employees, unemployed workers, government, firms, – and results (past, current and prospective) of their behavior, interrelationships and interactions.

The Special Issue constitutes a platform for exchange of views of the scientific community regarding Labor Market current problems and ways of their overcoming, to reflect the present status of Labor Market and trends of its development and scientific investigation by world scientific community, Labor Market problem estimation by practitioners.

The Special Issue includes theoretical and empirical investigations and practical experiences as well.

The Special Issue is addressed to international scientific and educational community, practitioners.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. Labor Market Theory

• 2. Labor Market Institutions

• 3. Labor Market Governance

• 4. Labor Migration

• 5. Employment and Unemployment

• 6. Labor Market Gender Issues

• 7. Labor Motivation and Labor Promotion

• 8. Labor Productivity and Efficacy

• 9. Labor Market Discrimination

• 10. Labor Market and equality problem

• 11. Job Security

• 12. Job flexibility and satisfaction

• 13. Education and wage

• 14. Etc.

Chief Guest Editor

Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze
Akaki Tsereteli State University
Email: tarnania@yahoo.com

The aim is to investigate the application of different educational methods to achieve the expected educational objectives in clinical or non-clinical educational settings.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. Innovation in teaching and learning techniques

• 2. Critically explore their role as a teacher. Deliver effective, theory-based instruction in large group, small group and clinical settings.

• 3. Discuss the role of the undergraduate and specialty curricula in teaching

• 4. Recognize, plan, deliver and evaluate teaching opportunities

• 5. Understand what is meant by “good” assessment; design a self-assessment/peer assessment exercise. Effectively use assessment tools to reflect student progress and to promote student learning.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. AR. Mullaicharam
Oman Medical College
Email: mullaicharam@yahoo.com

Energy is a central concept in most branches of natural science, social science and engineering. It plays a vital role, affecting all the activities that take place in the society. Its role in economic development and production process are realized by the quantum of Gross National Product (GNP) and per capita GNP. It plays a crucial role in chemical reactions, cloud formations, functioning of cells, production of goods, transportation etc. One of the megatrends that shape the emerging markets infrastructure opportunity today id the need for energy. Almost 1.3 billion people in the world live without access to electricity. A further 1.3 billion are dependent on biomass for cooking. The bulk of those are concentrated in Africa and developing Asia. What makes this sector particularly interesting for investors is the fact that people are generally willing to pay for electricity, whereas they can be reluctant to pay for other infrastructure related services.

This special issue on energy infrastructure in emerging markets aims to bring out the trends, issues in energy sector management in the emerging markets including Asia, Africa, ASEAN, BRICS and others.

This special issue will provide the energy development trends and recent initiatives and findings of the energy related research from the emerging markets.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• • Energy Policy Initiatives

• • Regulatory Measures for Energy Conservation

• • Role of Energy Infrastructure in the development of emerging markets

• • Energy Financing

• • Energy Audit

• • Renewable Energy Potential in Emerging Markets

• • Energy Prices, Inflation and Growth Issues

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. G. Sathis Kumar
Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai. INDIA
Email: sathiskumar.g@greatlakes.edu.in, drgsk1981@hotmail.com

Guest Editor

Dr. S. Ramaswamy
The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram. INDIA

Dr. R. Hari Kumar
Hon. General Secretary, Society of Energy Engineers & Managers (SEEMS), Thiruvanthapuram, INDIA

Acute infections caused by pathogenic bacteria have been studied extensively. These infections killed millions of people in previous centuries, but they have been combated effectively by the development of modern vaccines, antibiotics and infection control measures. Most research into bacterial pathogenesis has focused on acute infections, but these diseases have now been supplemented by chronic or persistent infections caused by antibiotic resistant/tolerant bacteria. Chronic or persistent infections, such as pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients, chronic wounds, burn infections, chronic otitis media and implant- and catheter-associated infections, affect millions of people in the developed world each year and many deaths occur as a consequence. Acute infections are assumed to involve planktonic bacteria, which are generally treatable with antibiotics, although successful treatment depends on accurate and fast diagnosis. However, in cases where the bacteria succeed in forming a biofilm within the human host, the infection often become persistent and develop into a chronic state. The important hallmarks of chronic infections are extreme resistance or tolerant to antibiotics and many other conventional antimicrobial agents, and an extreme capacity for evading the host defenses. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanistic aspects of chronic/persistent infection. In addition, pathogens have different abilities to persist in the environment or reservoirs. Their abilities to persist, replicate in these environments, such as on vegetables and hospital environment, affect the incidents of food-borne and nosocomial infections. This special issue will assemble the current knowledge on the development of chronic bacterial infections, guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these infections.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. Quorum sensing and virulence

• 2. Antibiotic tolerance

• 3. Persister formation

• 4. Biofilm development

• 5. Bacterial adaptation and metabolism

• 6. Host-pathogen interaction

• 7. Interactions and persistence in the environment and plants

• 8. Host susceptibility

• 9. Anti-infective therapy

Chief Guest Editor

Arunava Bandyopadhaya
Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital
Email: bandyopadhaya@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu

Guest Editor

Damien Maura
Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital
Email: dmaura@research.mgh.harvard.edu

Shuangchun Yan
Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital
Email: yansc@research.mgh.harvard.edu

The goal of this special issue is to publish current research and reviews of contemporary issues and trends affecting both general and special populations: nationally and internationally.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

Special Education, Technology, Reviews of literature on a trend or Issue (ie Bilingual Education, Inclusion, Medication, Testing, Parents, etc.) relevant to curriculum of preschool elementary, secondary, and adult learners.

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Freddie W. Litton
University of Houston- Victoria, USA
Email: littonf@uhv.edu

Guest Editor

Dr. Anthony F. Rotatori
St. Xavier University, Chicago, Ill., USA
Email: rotatori@sxu.edu

World Journal of Analytical Chemistry (WJAC) is an international, peer-reviewed publishing open access journal. WJAC publishes original communications of advanced research in pharmaceutical science, biomedical analysis including recent developments in analytical methodology, instrumentation, stability studies and drug purity, pharmacokinetics, metabolic profiling; drug-related aspects of analytical biochemistry, computation, miniaturization techniques and forensic toxicology. WJAC also participates in educating the journal readers. The language of the Journal is English.

Additionally, studies from areas of selective methods, such as UV-VIS spectrophotometry such as multi-wavelength measurements, electroanalytical methods, fluorimetry, flow-injection analysis, etc. are also welcomed. Assay of drug formulations by any kind of methods and the determination of drugs in biological samples using miniaturized extraction techniques such as LPME, etc. are also accepted. Manuscripts dealing with the analytical aspects of traditional folk medicines or even in bioanalytical (pharmacokinetic, bioequivalence, protein and DNA binding studies) focusing on innovative analytical methodology are accepted. In all submissions to WJAC, authors must address the question of how their proposed methodology compares with previously reported methods.

Moreover, WJAC is aims to publish most reliable and complete source of information on the recent developments in pharmaceuticals and biomedical analysis in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in all areas of the field and making them freely available through online without any subscriptions or any other restrictions to researchers in the whole world.

The vital vision of the WJAC journal is to become the premier source of high quality research from whole of the world. Additionally, it aims to increase the impact of research both in academia and industry, with strong emphasis on both quality and originality.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Analytical Method of Assays and degradation

• Liquid Chromatography, Spectrophotometric, Electrochemical Methods, Capillary Electrophoresis, Gas Chromatography, etc..

• Analysis and Validation Methods

Chief Guest Editor

Dr. Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam
Pharmacy program, Batterjee Medical College for Science and Technology (BMC), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Email: azzamkha@yahoo.com

Guest Editor

Prof. Hassan Aboul Enein
Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
Email: haboulenein@yahoo.com

Special Partial Differential Equations, Equations of Mixed and Composite types ,Non-classical Partial Differential Equations, Operator Equations ,Functional Differential Equations plays an extremely important role in the development of several branches of Mathematics, and have to an applications in the field of hydro-gas dynamics, modeling physical processes, here non-classical is defined as the model of mathematical physics, which are represented in the form of equation or systems of partial differential equations that do not fit into one of the classical types-elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic. In particular the non-classical models are described by the equations of mixed type(eg.Tricomi, Chaplygin equations etc.), the degenerate equations(for example, the Keldish equation or the equations of Sobolev’s type ,Barenblatt-Zhelt-Kochina , Barenblatt-Zsolt-Kochina equations and equation of mixed type with changing time direction, forward-backward equations. The special issue will provide a forum for researches and scientists to communicate their recent developments and to present their original results in the fields of well-posed and ill-posed local, nonlocal boundary value problems for partial differential equations, non-classical partial differential equations, partial differential equations of special mixed and composite types, their related applications.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• • Problems involving operators and mixed type operators with local and nonlocal boundary conditions

• • Numerical functional analysis and applications

• • Functional Differential Equations of special types

• • Mathematical and computer modeling

• • Equations of gas and hydrodynamics, aerodynamics

• • Local and nonlocal boundary value problems for partial differential equations

• • Mixed Hyperbolic -Elliptic Keldish type and Parabolic equations with changing type direction

• • Local and Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems for Parabolic ,Elliptic and Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations Degenerating type

• • Local and Nonlocal Boundary Value problems for Linear and Nonlinear Equation mixed and composite type

• • Stochastic partial differential equations and applications

• • Well-Posed and Ill-posed Boundary Value Problems for Non-classical Partial Differential Equations

Chief Guest Editor

Mahammad A. Nurmammadov
Department of Mathematics, Azerbaijan Architecture and Building University
Department of Mathematical Analysis of Baku state University
Email: nurmamedov@mail.ru

The concepts of time, space and matter are the most fundamental ones in physics. Nevertheless, despite their seeming self – evidence, their deep meaning is still heavy questioned, their understanding representing one of the most important questions in fundamental physics as well as in science in general. The classical physics picture of absolute space and time has been replaced by the relativistic one in which, in particular, space and time as seen as physical components of a continuum four – dimensional entity, the spacetime, in which they are interconnected. However, even if this represents the commonly accepted picture in physics it gives rise to some crucial unsolved questions, as shown by several recent researches, so suggesting the suitability of the search for a more fundamental unifying theory. Just think of the very different conception of space and time between theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, the many relativistic paradoxes or even the conceptual interpretation of the thermodynamics asymmetry of time and many others. On the other hand, the origin of matter as well poses not – trivial unsolved questions: in fact, as known, within the “standard” Big Bang model of cosmology, it is believed to be created by the conversion of the early background radiation to particles – antiparticles pairs leading, for example, to the still unsolved question of matter to antimatter asymmetry.

The aim of this special issue is to explore and discuss the most novel and recent theoretical and experimental developments about the understanding of time, space and matter emergence also examining previously unaddressed aspects; to review, comparing and contrasting different points of view; to propose and develop new approaches of scientific research, rapidly and effectively exchanging perspectives and to encourage new lines of research.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• Novel models of space and time

• Alternative formulations of Theory of Relativity

• Open question in relativistic physics

• Arrow of time

• Measure of time and clocks synchronization

• Physical and Psychological time

• Origin of matter: open questions and new proposals

• The origin of space, time and matter in “standard” and novel cosmological models

• Time and space in quantum mechanics

• Cosmology from the standpoint of superluminal matter particles

Chief Guest Editor

Luigi Maxmilian Caligiuri
University of Calabria and Foundation of Physics Research Center (FoPRC), ITALY
Email: max.caligiuri@gmail.com, caligiuri@foprc.org

Guest Editor

Sergey G. Fedosin
Independent researcher, RUSSIA
Email: intelli@list.ru, sergey.fedosin@gmail.com

Takaaki Musha
Advanced Science-Technology Research Organization, JAPAN
Foundation of Physics Research Center (FoPRC), ITALY
Email: takaaki.mushya@gmail.com

The basic goals of special Issue; Holistic approach in education research; Qualitative and quantitative paradigms is point out new perspectives of education research. Even today there is a kind of "conflict" between quantitative and qualitative approaches (paradigms) in research in the field of social sciences. Both approaches have their legitimacy, their philosophical approaches, conceptual assumptions that are bipolar. Although Sekulic-Majurec (2007) concludes that the end of the war paradigm (qualitative and quantitative), however conflicting exclusivity are still present. Exclusivity conditio sine qua non for creating redundant and unnecessary attitude that one approach superior to the other, although both approaches in relation synergy best describe the phenomena studied in the field of social sciences. But "quant-phrenia" and "quant-phobia" the ultimate limits of the opposition), which unnecessarily reduce the value of the results of research in the social sciences. Moreover, the social sciences because of the low nomotetic expressed incoherence, scientific nondetermination, low plausibility, predicting ... a great challenge and unnecessary "conflict" between qualitative or quantitative approach further reduces the dignity of the scientific habit of Social Sciences.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• • Research design

• • Holistic approach (qualitative methodology)

• • Challenges of quantitative methodology

• • Ethical challenges of education research

• • Development of research instruments

• • New perspective of education research

• • The role of statistics in education research

• • Action research

Chief Guest Editor

Siniša Opić
Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Email: sinisa.opic@ufzg.hr

Though sustainability is a key dimension of the wellbeing framework there are still confusions about the concept, its measurement and its applications. The main feature of the sustainability is the uncertainty about the future. Daly and Cobb, Capra, Berry, and others have addressed the limits of current economic theory on sustainability issues. Most of critics of economics suggest changes in public policy as a means of addressing the market failures. The scholar John E. Ikerd (1997) outlines a case for developing the theory of “economics of sustainability”. In recent years, efforts for inclusion of sustainability principles within policy-making and alternatives to GDP as a measure of social progress have been undertaken. There are many significant contributions from the fields of economics, philosophy and environmental science. In economics, the contributions start with the work of Frank Ramsey (Ramsey 1928) and the literature continues to influence the international and domestic policy dialogue including the G20 policy agenda, the work of OECD, World Bank and International Fund etc. The ongoing efforts try to improve measures of social progress. The techniques and policy prescriptions are based on particular theoretical models of economic development with assumptions that simplify reality. Applying them without appreciating the consequences of such assumptions can lead to false inferences related to the wellbeing of the future generations.

Since there are different economic theories regarding the sustainability and the conflicting beliefs are at the root of the sustainability issue, John Ikerd challenges for a new belief system that must build from the ground up and proposes four economic principles as essential for economic sustainability: individuality, scarcity, efficiency, and sovereignty. The theories, the techniques and the policies for sustainability measurement need to be continually explored.

The special issue of the journal is dedicated to unifying the economic theories regarding the sustainability, introducing alternative measures if a nation is making true progress in improving its wellbeing, and discover mathematical models related to sustainability-similar to the one related to biological systems. Authors are expected to provide their research results on panel data and suggest certain methods of analyzing the effects of panel data problems, cross-section dependence affecting the inference, panel unit root tests assuming cross-section independence; introduce new dynamic mathematical models related to sustainability.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• • Case study on the current economic theories on sustainability issues, their benefits, limitations and new proposals

• • Management of across-generation stocks: economic and financial stocks, human stocks, environmental stocks, social stocks

• • Use of economic and statistical methods of analysis in panel data research (Econometric Methodology: Sequential Panel Selection Method and Panel KSS test, Testing for multiple structural breaks, analysis in relation to certain economic sectors and regional economies, factor analysis, etc.)

• • Time-series and cross-section studies, testing stationarity on individual time series

• • Panel data models to construct and test more complicated behavioral models

• • Impact and effects of panel data on the country or regional economy

• • Modern approaches to measuring wellbeing

• • Mathematical Models for Wellbeing, Domestic Output and Current Account sustainability

• • Method discussing the use of Pesaran's panel unit root test for testing the current account sustainability and Kapetanios's method, the standard augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) regressions, Nonlinear panel test and Serial Correlated Errors

• • Results presenting the tabulated outcomes and critical values and the tests investigated by Monte Carlo experiments/simulations.

Chief Guest Editor

Pellumb Kllogjeri
University “Aleksander Xhuvani”, Elbasan, ALBANIA
Email: pkallogjeri@gmail.com

Ever since Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin, antibiotic therapy has been the main stay against infectious diseases and for sometime it appeared that the battle against infectious disease has been won. But this idea is seriously jeopardized by the recent emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. In the recent past we have witnessed the global dissemination of multi-drug resistant virulent MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacteriacea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc. We have come almost full circle and arrived at a point as frightening as preantibiotic era. The consequences of multidrug-resistant bacteria are vast and pose a threat to almost all branches of medical practice. With the prevalent travel and mobility, the problem of antimicrobial resistance is by nature not a national, but a global, problem. To rationally and effectively deal with antibiotic resistance we need to understand the origin of different types of resistance mechanisms and the factors that are influencing the emergence and spread of these resistance mechanisms. In addition, we need to develop novel approaches for drug discovery that minimize risk of resistance development. Thus, the scope of this special issue is antibiotic resistance & drug development with a special focus on resistance mechanisms, their emergence and transmission, factors that influence the emergence of resistance and novel approaches for drug discovery. We welcome both original research works and review articles.

The scope of topics covered in the this issue include:

• 1. antibiotic resistance

• 2. mechanism of resistance

• 3. transmission/ transfer of antibiotic resistance

• 3. virulence

• 4. emergence of antibiotic resistance

• 5. mutation

• 6. plasmids

• 7. horizontal gene transfer

• 8. transposons

• 9. integrons

• 10. evolution

• 11. drug development